中国东部河流颗粒物的地球化学性质

Geo-chemical Parameters of River Particulate in Eastern China

在中国东部 1 1条主要河流及其 8条支流采集了 42个颗粒物样品 ,筛选其中 <63μm粒级部分作为研究介质。分析测定了河流颗粒物的主要地球化学性质 ,包括 :1 6种常量元素和微量元素的含量 ,粒径分布 ,粘土矿物含量和组成 ,铁、锰、铝、钛氧化物含量 ,有机质含量和组成 ,p H等 ;研究了颗粒物地球化学性质的地域差异 ;

A total of 42 geographically diverse particulate samples (including suspended matters and surface sediments) were collected from 19 major rivers in eastern China. The <63 μm size fractions were sieved for studies. The particulate samples were determined for selected geo chemical parameters, such as element composition, grain size distribution, clay mineral composition, TOC and humic substance components. 1. The contents of 16 elements (Al, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni and V) in river particulate were measured. Their geographic variations were linked to the climatic features and geologic background in the river basins. 2. The grain size distribution of suspended matters has a less change range than that of surface sediments. The average grain size (M Z) of suspended matters was smaller. From north to south, the contents of Montmorillonite had a distinctive tread of decrease (62%~15%) and the contents of Kaolinite had a distinctive tread of increase (11%~55%). So the ratio of Montmorillonite/Kaolinite decrease gradually (3 88~0 27). The contents of TOC in particulate decrease from the Heilongjiang River (2 33% for surface sediments, 5 88% for suspended matters) to the Huanghe River (0 18% for surface sediments, 0 61% for suspended matters), then increase from the Huanghe River to the Zhujiang River (2 62% for surface sediments, 2 82% for suspended matters). The ratio of Humic acid to Fulvic acid from the north to the south decreases (1 03~0 38) except for the Huanghe River (0 18). pH(H 2O) of surface sediments varies from 6 48 to 8 78, higher in North and Central China (8 39~8 78) and lower in rivers of East-North and South China (6.48~7.70). 3. Correlation analysis reveals that there are relatively strong interrelations among the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, V and most of the geo chemical properties of the particulate. The positive correlation between the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, V and the contents of Al oxides, and clays in the particulate is proved to be of extreme significance. Only the content of Ni shows no correlation with the geo chemical properties.