中国十一个五年计划实施情况回顾

A Post-Evaluation for China's Eleven Five Year Plans

五年计划是中国持续推进现代化战略目标的重要手段,是推动中国发展不断上台阶的重要途径。"一五"是计划经济时期最成功的,顺利发动工业化并推进社会主义改造;"二五"是个失败的五年计划,"大跃进"后出现"大跃退";"三五"、"四五"、"五五"是完成情况中等的五年计划,虽然受到文化大革命的冲击,但是总体实现了基本建成独立完整工业体系和国民经济体系的战略目标;"六五"计划顺利完成,成为又一个黄金建设期;"七五"计划改革闯关,完成情况喜忧参半;"八五"提前实现了翻两番的目标;"九五"顺利推进了经济体制与经济发展方式的"两个转变";"十五"计划大部分目标得以实现,同时发展模式出现逆转;"十一五"是完成最好的一个五年计划,国民经济和社会发展初步纳入科学发展轨道。

Five Year Plans(FYPs) have served as important development tools in China,stipulating development strategy and development targets at different time period.This paper adopts quantitative goal-oriented approach to evaluate the 11 FYPs since 1953.The 1st is a highly successful plan during the planned economy;the 2nd was blindly pursuing extremely high targets ending with a total failure;the fourth was from the 3nd to the 5th which were completed in an average level.FYPs in the transition and market economy period have much better achievement than those in planned economy period,and their performances are generally better than those in planned economy period;the performance of Five-Year Plan has reached the highest level by the 11th Five-Year plan.