白居易融会三教的“中隐”思想及其仕隐心态

Bai Juyi's Mid-reclusion Thought of Integrating the Three Religions and His Mindset of Reclusion in an Official Position

白居易的"中隐"思想是对传统仕隐观念的继承、整合和发展,其本质上既区别于隐于山林的"小隐",也与隐于朝市的"大隐"不同,而是隐于地方官、散官、闲官。它巧妙地平衡了集权专制与士大夫独立意识之间的矛盾,是一种能在入世与出世间进退裕如的处世哲学和生活方式。这一以仕求隐的隐逸观,较之魏晋时期"居官无官官之事,处事无事事之心"的仕宦态度要积极得多,它更圆融通达地调谐了身与心、职与事、仕与隐的矛盾,是白居易以儒治身、以佛道修心的人生哲学的具体体现。

Bai Juyi＇ s Mid - reclusion Thought is the inheritance, integration and development of the traditional notion of reclusion in an official position. It not only differs essentially from the thought of petty reclusion lying in forests, but also differs from that of great reclusion resting with the court. The mid-reclusion lies in being local officials, free officials and officials with sinecure. It subtly bal- ances the contradictions between the centralization of state power and the scholar-bureaucrats＇ independent consciousness, and is the philosophy of life and life style which can stand aloof from worldly affairs and get involved in them with ease. This reclusion view, pur- suing hermitage by becoming officials, is much more positive than the attitude of official career as being officials with a mind of hermit and not caring the government affairs in the period of Wei and Jin Dynasties. It coordinates the contradictions between body and mind, duty and work, being an official and being a hermit more harmoniously and understandingly, and is the specific embodiment of Bai Juyi＇ s life philosophy of cultivating his morality with Confucianism and cultivating his mind with Buddhism and Taoism.