小学生自我意识与心理健康的相关研究

Relationship between Self-awareness and Mental Health of Primary school students

目的:评价小学生的自我意识能力水平及心理健康状况,探讨自我意识与心理健康状况的相关关系。方法:采用小学生自我认识能力测量量表和小学生心理健康综合测量量表作为评价工具,对云南安宁连然小学二、四年级每个年级各抽取两个班共192名学生进行整群问卷调查。结果:二年级学生除了在自我意识评价一般状况方面得分与四年级学生无统计学差异外,其余三项得分均高于四年级学生(P<0.05),小学生心理健康综合测量评分量表发现二年级和四年级比较,除性格缺陷和行为障碍二年级得分低于四年级,且有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)外,其余各项均无统计学差异。男生和女生比较除性格缺陷、不良习惯和特殊障碍无差异外,其余各项均有统计学意义差异(P<0.05),且男生分数高于女生。自我意识能力测量量表各分量表与小学生心理健康综合测量评分量表各分量表的Pearson相关分析结果表明,自我意识与心理健康多项结果呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论:四年级学生的自我意识评价低于二年级学生,且心理健康水平较二年级有所下降,女生的心理健康水平较男生高,小学生的自我意识水平与心理健康密切相关。学校教育中,应注意提高学生的自我意识,培养健全的人格特征。

Objective ：Evaluate the level of primary school students self- awareness and mental health, explore the correlation between mental health and self - awareness. Methods： Use the students self - awareness scale and integrated primary mental health measurement scale as an evaluation tool, Measured 192 primary students form 4 classes of Yunnan Lianran Primary School, in grade two and grade four random election two classes form each grade. Results： The evaluation of the general condition of self - awareness scores had no significant difference between second - grade and fourth - grade students, the other three scores were higher than fourth grade students （P 〈 0.05 ）, integrated primary mental health measurement rating scale found that second grade had lower scored in character defects and behavioral disorders than the fourth grade, and there is significant difference （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the remaining were not statistically different. Boys have no difference in character flaws ,bad habits and special barriers than girls, the remaining differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）, and the boys score is higher than girls. The Pearson correlation analysis of self - cousciousness subseale and integrated primary mental health subscale rating scale showed that number of self - awareness and mental health outcomes process a significant negative correlation （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions ： Fourth - grade students have lower self - awareness than second - grade, and mental health also lower than second grade, girls have high level of mental health than boys, the self - awareness and mental health process a significant negative correlation. More attention should be paid to the development of self - awareness and personality of students in schooling.