有机肥化肥配施对冬油菜养分吸收、籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on absorption of nutrient,yield and quality of rapeseed

以杂交冬油菜湘杂油763为供试材料,采用大田小区试验研究了有机肥配施化肥对油菜养分吸收、籽粒产量和品质及土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明:在本试验条件下,各处理籽粒产量大小顺序为10%OM﹥0%OM﹥30%OM﹥50%OM,10%OM(10%有机氮替代化肥氮)产量达2 055.00 kg/hm2,显著高于其它处理,比0%OM(纯化肥)增产8.26%,3个有机肥处理中,籽粒产量随有机肥施用量的增加逐渐下降;产量构成因素中每角果粒数和千粒重、籽粒品质中氨基酸和蛋白质含量变化规律与产量一致,且有机肥施用量较多的处理(50%OM)籽粒氨基酸和蛋白质含量较低,油分含量最高;氮、磷、钾、硼素积累量的变化规律与产量基本一致;土壤速效养分变化规律不明显。在本试验中,油菜植株养分吸收、土壤速效养分变化等都可反映籽粒产量,10%OM为较合适的有机肥配施比例。

Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on nutrition uptake of oilseed rape,yield and quality changes of soil nutrients were examined using a rapeseed cultivar,Xiangzayou763,in a field experiment.The results showed that：Under the conditions of this experiment,the order of yield was 10%OM〉0%OM〉30%OM〉50%OM,which was concluded that the grain yield was deceased gradually with the increasing of organic fertilizer content;The yield of 10%OM treatment（10% organic nitrogen replaced 10% fertilizer nitrogen）was up to 2 055.00 kg/hm2,significantly higher than other treatments,increased by 8.26% compared with the 0%OM（pure chemical fertilizer）;Among yield components,grain number per pod and 1 000-grains weight of yield formation factors,amino and proteins contents of grain quality had the same changes with the grain yield,as for the 50%OM treatment,contents of amino and proteins were the lowest,while oily content was the highest.The changing accumulation of N,P,K,B were basically the same with the grain yield.While it was not obvious with the changes of soil nutrient available content.In this trial,the plant nutrient absorption and soil available nutrient changes could better reflect rapeseed yield,and in the three organic treatments,10%OM was the more reasonable ratio for organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers.