中国分代家庭户的空间分布特征研究

The Spacial Characteristics of Different Generations Households Distribution in China

家庭是社会的基本组成单位,家庭户结构的变化直接影响到社会生活的各个方面,家庭户代际结构的分布则能从直观上认识家庭户结构。本文基于2000年第五次全国人口普查的分代家庭户数据及相关资料,以空间自相关分析为基础,对五普数据中的分代家庭户比例分布进行了初步分析。发现其空间分布特征呈现明显的正相关性。为了进一步研究这种空间分布,采用GIS方法得到分代家庭户比分布图,分析发现:二代户仍然是中国家庭户的主要模式;不同地区分代家庭户的分布呈现明显的差异,北方地区的二代户比例最高;三代户与四代以上户分布特征相似,主要集中在西南地区;分代家庭户的分布与经济发展水平、宗教信仰和民族风俗密切相关。

Household is the basic unit of society, the changes of household structure directly affects all aspects of social life. Distribution of the generational structure of households is a key to understand the structure of households. However, most researches focused on household mode, the macro changes of the households structure while few explore the distribution of its generational structure. This paper makes an initial analysis of the spatial distribution of households by generation structure in China based on the fifth national population census in 2000 and by the method of spatial autocorrelation analysis. It shows that there is significant positive correlation between the generational structure and spatial distribution of households and further analysis of the spatial distribution of households by GIS brings about a distribution map of households percentage of generations. The results show that the two generation households are still the main household mode in China, while there are obvious differences in spatial distribution, i.e. the northern China boast of the highest percentage of 2 generation households while the southwest China has higher percentage of 3 generation and 4 generation households. The spatial distribution of households of different generations seems to correlate to the economic development, rehgions and customs and folks.