嘉陵江草街船闸上游引航道水力学问题研究

Hydraulic characteristics of upstream approach channel during construction of Caojie shiplock on Jialingjiang River

嘉陵江草街船闸闸室尺寸为200.0 m×23.0 m×3.5 m(长×宽×门槛水深),最大工作水头26.7 m,其综合水力指标居我国已建单级船闸前列.施工期通航上游水位192.0 m,此时其上游引航道水深仅为2.9 m,如果阀门按设计指标正常开启,船闸灌水时上游引航道非恒定流特征明显,浮式导航墙存在较强斜流和漩涡,引航道水面比降及纵向流速较大,危及船舶通航安全,此外船闸进水口淹没深度较小,流量达到一定值时将出现较强漩涡,严重时还会出现贯穿吸气漩涡,影响闸室船舶安全.通过原型调试结合数学模型计算,解决了草街船闸施工期通航上游引航道特殊水力学问题,确定了船闸施工期通航运行方式,保证了船闸施工期通航安全运行.

Lock chamber size of Caojie shiplock on Jialingjiang River is 200. 0 m × 23.0 m × 3.5 m （ length width × sill depth）, the highest operating head is 26.7 m, the integrated hydraulic index of Caojie shiplock is top-ranked in the shiplocks that have been constructed in China. It is found from prototype debug that under condition of navigable water level 192.0 m, the water depth of the upstream approach channel is only 2.9 m during construction, the characteristics of unsteady flow in the upstream approach channel is obvious and there is a strong oblique flow and swirl near the floating type navigation wall, water surface gradient ratio and vertical velocity is high. It may endanger safe navigation of ships. In addition, a strong vortex will appear near the intake upstream when discharge is up to a certain value because the submerged depth in the intake is quite small; in some severe cases, it will appear the throughout suction vortexes which affect safety of ship in the chamber. Through prototype debugging, special hydraulic problems in the upstream approach channel during construction have been solved and a mode of shiplock operaton have been determined, and so that ship safe navigation must be ensured in ship lock during construction.