西部农村留守儿童身心健康可持续发展模式研究——以重庆留守儿童为例

Research on Sustainable Development Mode of Rural Left-behind Children Physical and Mental Health in Western Region of China——Taking Left-behind Children in Chongqing as Example

运用田野调查和数理统计等研究方法,对西部农村留守儿童身心问题进行调研。结果表明,农村留守儿童平均BMI指数为15.5;(外)祖父母和父母其中一方是其主要照顾者,且1/4的农村留守儿童具有良好的体育生活方式特征;60%的农村留守儿童存在心理问题。统计分析显示,农村留守儿童的体育生活方式与心理健康有密切的相关性,有体育生活方式的留守儿童比没有体育生活方式的人际交友更好,更能主动地适应社会,拥有更多的积极幸福感,情绪障碍和心理烦恼也少于没有体育生活方式的。体育专业教师缺乏、场地器材不足和体育活动环境滞后是制约农村留守儿童体育生活方式养成的主要原因。据此,提出以"体育生活方式为核心,留守儿童为主体,政府层为主导,学校层为主阵地,社会层为支持,家庭层为配合"的西部农村留守儿童身心健康可持续发展"1+5"模式。

This paper makes investigation and survey on the physical and mental problems of the western rural left-behind children through using the methods of field research,mathematical statistics and so on.The results show that the average BMI index of the rural left-behind children is 15.5;one side of grandparents and parents are their main minders and a quarter of the rural left-behind children have good characteristic with sports life style;60% of rural left-behind children exist psychological problems.Statistics analysis shows that rural left-behind child’s sport life style is closely related to mental health.Left-behind children who have sport life style are easier to make friends than those who don’t have sport life style.They can more actively adapt to the society and have more positive sense of happiness.Their mood disorders and psychological troubles also less than those who don’t have sport life style.The lack of professional sport teachers,the shortage of location equipment and the lag of sport activities’ environment are the main cause to restrict the development of rural left-behind children sport life style.Accordingly,we propose ＂1＋5＂ mode for the sustainable development of the physical and mental health of western rural left-behind children which regard sport life style as the core,the left-behind child as the main part,the government as the leading factor,the school as the main position,the society as the supporter and the family as the side of cooperation.