29种中草药提取物对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌活性研究

Study on the Bacteriostatic Activity of Extracts from 29 Kindss of Chinese Herbal Medicine against Ameromonas hydrophila

[目的]筛选对嗜水气单胞菌具有较强抑制作用的中草药,为该菌引起的爆发性鱼病防治提供用药依据。[方法]采用水提法和醇提法分别提取29种中草药的有效成分,并研究了29种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌作用。[结果]12种中草药提取物对嗜水气单胞菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其中诃子的水提物和醇提物的抑菌效果较好,其醇提物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为1.2 g/L。博落回、白屈菜、五倍子对嗜水气单胞菌也有较强的抑制作用,当其浓度为10.0 g/L时,抑菌圈直径均大于10 mm,其醇提物的最小抑菌浓度分别为2.4、4.8和4.8 g/L。[结论]博落回、白屈菜、五倍子可作为抗嗜水气单胞菌的筛选药物。

[ Objective] The study aimed to screen out Chinese herbal medicine with strong inhibition against Ameromonas hydrophila and pro- vide administration basis for the prevention and control of fish diseases caused by this bacteria. [ Method] The effective components were ex- tracted from 29 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine by using water extraction method and ethanol distillation method. The bacteriostatic effects of 29 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine against A. hydrophila in vitro were studied. [Result] The extracts of 12 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine had inhibitory effects on A. hydrophila in different degree. The water extracts and ethanol extracts from Terminalia chebula Retz. Had better bacteriostatie effects and the minimal inhibition concentration（MIC） of its ethanol extracts was 1.2 g/L. Macleaya cordata, Herba chelidonii, Rhus potaninii Maxim also bad strong inhibition on A. hydrophila and the diameter of inhibition zone was above 10 mm at the concentration of 10.0 g/L. And MIC of their ethanol extracts was 2.4, 4.8 and 4.8 g/L respectively. [ Conclusion] M. cordata, H. cheliclonii and R. potani- nil could be selected as new drugs against A. hydrophila.