中国近代国家建构思想与西方民族主义

The Ideology of State Construction in Modern China and Western Nationalism

中国历来是一个多民族的国家,传统中国民族思想的主流是以文化辨民族,并形成了"大一统"的国家观。民族主义思想是伴随近代西欧民族国家建构而出现的,其核心理念是国家由民族决定。鸦片战争后,在列强殖民入侵和西方民族主义思潮影响下,边疆少数民族地区开始出现分裂主义思想和运动的倾向。作为对列强殖民入侵下民族分裂危机的回应,中国近代民族主义趋向于通过同化政策进行"国族"建构,但这种国家政治建构的努力难收其效,根本原因还在于它始终未能摆脱"民族———国家"的束缚。

China is always a multi - ethnic country; ethnic group identified by culture was the main- stream of Chinese traditional thought. And on this basis, a ＂unified＂ view on state was formed. Nationalism appeared with establishing the nation - state in Western Europe, and its core concept is the state decided by the nation. After the Opium War, under the influence of Western colonial invasion and nationalism, the frontier -minority areas of China appeared the thought and movement of separatist tendency. Response to the ethnic separatist crisis of the imperialist colonial invasion, modern Chinese nationalism tended to building nation by the policy of assimilation, but the efforts of this country＇ s political construction was difficult to take its effect, the fundamental reason was that it was not able to get rid of the shackles of ＂nation - state＂