美国产业结构的调整与贸易逆差

Industrial Restructuring and Trade Deficit in the U.S.

美国贸易逆差问题一直是学者们关注的焦点。众多学者对美国贸易逆差产生的原因提出了不同的解释。本文认为美国贸易逆差的持续扩大是其实体经济结构不断调整的外部反映,美国服务业占国民经济比重的不断提高是其贸易逆差持续扩大的深层次根源。服务业所占比重的提高一方面增加了美国对制造业产品的进口;另一方面也大大削弱了其产品出口能力。与服务业所占比重提高相伴随的是制造业向海外的转移,而这种产业转移也在一定程度上导致了美国贸易逆差。本文进一步利用实证分析方法检验了以上观点。

Trade deficit in the U.S. is the focus of the world economy. Schol- ars put forward some different explanations on it. This paper argues that the trade deficit in the U.S., which continue rising, is an external reflection of its re- al economy structure adjustment. The main causes of trade deficit in the U.S. is the growth of its services sector. This increases the import of the manufactured goods on the one hand, and greatly diminishes its export capacity on the other hand. The industrial transfers of the manufacturing to the other countries also have a important impact on the trade deficit in the U.S.. This paper proves this viewpoint by using the empirical analvsis_