中国大学生体质健康变化趋势的研究

Research on the Trend in Physical Health of the Chinese College Students

以1985-2008年间6次全国学生体质调查资料,分析我国大学生20多年来体质变化趋势,包括肺活量和其他身体素质指标以及超重和肥胖等与大学生体质健康的相互关系。结果发现:男女大学生在身高上逐年增高,但仍然表现为城市大于农村,城市与农村之间的差距随着年代的推移逐渐缩小,体重无论男女均逐年增加,男生BMI城市大于农村,而女生则基本上表现为农村大于城市;肺活量、50 m跑及耐力跑男女均随着年代推移呈下降趋势,总体上男女大学生耐力跑成绩农村组好于城市组学生;男女生立定跳远,耐力跑及肺活量指数各年代超重及肥胖组显著性低于正常组,并且除了立定跳远以外,随着年代的推移,成绩逐渐呈下降趋势。表明:但是城乡间男女大学生身高差距逐渐缩小,各年代大学生身体素质呈下降趋势;超重及肥胖影响了我国大学生体质健康的发展,应进一步加强大学生体质健康管理工作。

In this paper,based on the data of National Student Physical Health Survey from 1985 to 2008,analyzes the change of obesity and overweight,the relation between body physique and the overweight and obesity of college students in recent 23 years.Results： The height of students increased in all students,but the height of rural students was higher than that of urban students;The gap between them reduced gradually in recent years.Student＇s weight all increase year by year,the BMI of male who lived in rural were bigger than those lived in urban.But the female students＇ BMI were the opposite.In the physical aspect,lung capacity,50 meters and endurance running,the male and female all declined in recent years.The female and male college students in general endurance running result rural group were better than the city group.Male and female＇ standing long jump,endurance running and vital capacity index in each age group in overweight and obese significantly below the normal group,and in addition to standing long jump,they were all decreased gradually in recent years.Conclusion： The gap of male and female＇s height between the rural areas and the cities were gradually diminishing,and the college students＇ physique were gradually decreased in recent years.the proportion of the female and male college students overweight and obese in urban and rural areas are significantly fast growth,on the other hand the rate of the girl leaner is still at high levels,the main cause of this is rapid economic development and the backwardness of education health system;Overweight and obese affect China＇s college students＇ physical health development.The physical health campaign in the universities shall be enhanced.