大学新生心理韧性与归因、应对方式的相关分析

Resilience, attribution, and coping style for the freshmen： a relationship study

目的探讨大学新生心理韧性与归因、应对方式之间的关系。方法采用心理韧性量表、多维度归因因果量表和简易应对方式问卷对977名大学新生进行调查，比较不同人口学变量大学新生心理韧性、归因、应对方式的差异并作相关分析。结果城镇大学新生心理韧性[（68．88±10．57）分]、学业外归因[（21．14±6．01）分]及人际外归因[（22．87±6．42）分]高于农村学生[（67．51±10．43）分，（19．81±5．88）分，（21．86±5．88）分，t=2．03，3．48，2．57]，高职学生学业内归因[（28．68±5．30）分]和人际内归因[（26．81±5．82）分]高于本科学生[（27．61±5．47）分，（25．53±5．92）分，f=3．00，3．30]，独生子女心理韧性[（68．88±10．81）分]和学业失败运气[（4．37±2．21）分]高于非独生子女[（67．44±10．18）分，（3．96±2．12）分，t=2．15，3．02]；积极应对、消极应对、学业失败外归因、学业成功内归因、家庭住地、学业失败内归因对心理韧性有预测力（β=16．435，-4．919，-0．344，0．308，1．396，-0．182）。结论能够采取积极的应对方式与合理学业归因的大学生的心理韧性会更好。

Objective To explore the relationship among resilience, attribution, and coping style for freshmen. Methods 977 freshmen were surveyed with Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Multidimensional-Muhiat- tributional Causality Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, then compared different freshmen＇s： resilience, attribution, and coping style, and analyzed their relationship. Results The city freshmen showed significant higher resilience（ 68.88 ± 10.57 ）, academic external attribution （21.14 ± 6.01 ）, and interpersonal external attri- bution （ 22.87± 6.42） than rural freshmen （ （ 67.51 ± 10.43 ）, （ 19.81 ± 5.88 ）, （ 21.86 ± 5.88 ） respectively, t = 2.03,3.48,2.57 ）. Vocational freshmen showed significant higher academic internal attribution （28.68 ± 5.30 ） and interpersonal internal attribution （26.81 ± 5.82 ） than undergraduate freshmen （ （ 27.61 ± 5.47 ）, （ 25.53 ± 5.92）, t= 3.00,3.30）. The only children showed significant higher resilience （68.88 ± 10.81 ） and academic failure luck （4.37 ± 2.21 ） than those having siblings （（67.44 ± 10.18 ） , （3.96 ±2.12）, t = 2.15,3.02 ）. Positive coping style, negative coping style, academic failure external attribution, academic success internal attribution, residence,and academic failure internal attribution had significant direct influence on resilience （β = 16. 435, - 4.919, - 0. 344,0. 308,1. 396, - 0. 182）. Conclusion Positive coping styles and reasonable academic attribution can effectively predict great resilience of freshmen.