栽培措施对“黄金小神童”中苗新芽生长的影响

Study on the Effects of Different Cultivation Measures on Growth of Immature Seedlings of Cymbidium Golden Elf ‘Sundust'

[目的]建立贵阳地区"黄金小神童"中苗栽培管理技术体系。[方法]在自然变温、变湿条件和水管理措施相同的条件下,对不同肥料种类、施肥配比和不同光照条件下的"黄金小神童"中苗新芽生长量进行比较研究。[结果]1～2年生苗对氮肥需求量大,速效氮肥较缓效氮肥对新芽生长影响大,适当比例的钾肥有利于新芽生长,钾肥比例过高抑制新芽的生长;1年生苗采用0.1%的花多多肥(N20-P20-K20)或0.1%复合肥(N17-P7-K8)+0.1%花多多肥每月喷施3次,2年生苗采用每月根施1次西洋复合肥(N15-P15-K15)10 g/盆+喷施1次0.1%磷酸二氢钾+喷施1次0.1%花多多叶面肥+喷施2次0.1%多菌灵的施肥方案,新芽生长量最好,费用最经济。结合贵阳地区春、秋、冬季节日照偏少的实际情况,对"黄金小神童"1～2年生苗采取6～11月遮阴70%,其他季节30%遮阴,阴雨天气全光照栽培的光照管理措施最有利新芽生长。[结论]该研究可为"黄金小神童"中苗管理提供指导。

[Objective]To establish cultivation management technical system for immature seedlings of Cymbidium Golden Elf ＇Sundust＇ in Guiyang.[Method] The immature seedling of tissue culture seedlings were used as experiment materials which treated with same temperature-humidity,water control,different varieties and amount of fertilization and different illumination measures.[Result] The 1-2 year old seedlings had in hare demand of nitrogenous fertilizer.Quick-acting nitrogenous had a greater influence on new buds germination than by long-term nitrogenous fertilizer.Potassium fertilizer addition in proper amount was in favor of the new buds germination and growth,but high amount was against.The new buds would grow well and producing cost would come down with spraying by 0.1% scotts and compound fertilizer used singly or in combination three times a month of one year old seedlings,spraying by western compound fertilizer,0.1% scotts and KH2PO4.（once） and 0.1% carbendazim（twice）once a month of two year old seedlings.According to weather conditions in Guiyang,when treated with overshadowing 70 percent of sunlight of 1-2 year old seedling during June-November,and 30 percent of sunlight in the rest time of the year,it was favorable for new buds germination and growth in wet weather and full sunlight.[Conclusion] The study will provide guidances for immature seedlings of Cymbidium Golden Elf ＇Sandust＇.