农地保障功能测度及其区域差异——基于浙、赣、桂三省506份农户调查

The Security Function of Agricultural Land and Positive Analysis of Regional Disparity Using Data from Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Guangxi

本文从收入比较和支出比较角度,构建了两个指标综合测度农地保障功能的大小,即来自农地的年纯收入与农户年总净收入之比和来自农地的年纯收入与农民的基本生活支出之比。对应性分析表明,这两个指标具有显著的相关关系。实证分析结果显示,浙、赣、桂三省(区)506份农户调查问卷中,农地保障功能相对作用较大和很大的只占16.6%,83.4%的农户农地保障功能相对作用不大;农地基本生活保障缺额占82.6%,足额只占17.4%。非参数检验表明,农地保障功能存在显著区域差异。相关政策建议:现阶段应大力促进农户农业收入增加,以提高土地保障功能;要充分认识农地保障功能存在区域差异这一现实背景,因地制宜进行农地产权制度创新。

The security of agricultural land should reflect net income from agricultural land and embody the degree that it meets the needs of human rural life. Considering income and expenditure comparisons we constructed two indices to jointly measure the security function of agricultural land. These are： （1） the ratio of household agricultural net income to total income and （2） the ratio of agricultural net income to basic expenditure on food, clothing, medical treatment and provision for the aged. Correspondence analysis shows that these two indices are significantly correlated. Using survey data from 506 households in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Guangxi provinces we found that based on the ratio of household agricultural net income to total income, 83.4% of peasants have poor security functions for agricultural land; and only16.6% of peasants had a security function more or less great. Based on the ratio of agricultural net income to basic expenditure, 82.6% of peasants have agricultural net income that does not cover basic expenses. For 177 survey samples in Jiangxi province, the average ratio of household agricultural net income to total income is 15% and the average ratio of agricultural net income to basic expenditure is 30%. In Zhejiang province （n=167）, the average ratio of household agricultural net income to total income is 24.4% and the average ratio of agricultural net income to basic expenditure is 87.4% . In Guangxi province （n= 162）, the average ratio of household agricultural net income to total income is 34.5% and the average ratio of agricultural net income to basic expenditure is 57% . Non-parametric statistical tests showed significant regional disparity in agricultural land security. Rural agricultural income should be increased in order to improve agricultural land security. Given differences in household resource endowments, regional economics and social situations, regional disparity in agricultural land security should be recognized and agricultural land institutional innovation should meet the differing demands of local people inhabiting different regions.