转型时期冲突性的职业声望评价

Conflicting Occupational Prestige Evaluation in the Transitional Period in China

本文对北京地区职业声望调查 ( 1 997— 1 998)进行了量化分析。结果显示 ,我国与国外多数国家的职业声望评价有明显的差异 :职业声望评价的一致性低于这些国家而冲突性、分裂性又高于这些国家。作者认为 ,社会转型时期相互冲突的价值观念体系及社会规范是导致人们产生分裂性社会评价的根本原因。文章进一步指出 ,所谓职业声望评价实际上也是一种特殊形式的社会舆论 ,职业声望对金钱和权力起着平衡和纠偏的作用。声望地位与金钱地位和权力地位相抗衡 ,三者的合力决定着人们真实的社会地位。

This research is based on an occupational prestige survey in Beijing. Analysis of the data revealed that the results were quite different from those in most other countries. The figures for the consensus evaluation of prestige is much lower in China than in other countries, while figures for conflicting and divergent evaluations are much higher. The author believes that the basic reason for the divergent social evaluations lies in conflicting systems of values and social norms. The author also argues that occupational prestige evaluation is, in fact, a special type of public opinion and balances the roles of money and power. Prestige status competes with property status and power status, and the resultant force of all three aspects determines an individual's real social position.