摘要
本文讨论的惩罚性损害赔偿是我国民事立法和民法学中的一项新课题。它具有补偿受害人遭受的损失、惩罚和遏制不法行为的多重功能。惩罚性赔偿与补偿性赔偿具有密切联系 ,在确定赔偿数额时 ,应使两者保持一种比例关系。惩罚性赔偿主要是在英美法特别是美国法中采用的制度 ,但可以为中国法律所借鉴。它主要应适用于侵权行为责任而不是合同责任。针对殴打他人而又未构成犯罪的侵权行为而采用惩罚性赔偿是非常必要的。中国的市场经济尚处于发展阶段 ,因此在产品责任中不宜广泛适用惩罚性赔偿。在某些情况下采用惩罚性赔偿以替代精神损害赔偿的办法是可行的。在合同责任领域 ,它主要应当适用于《消费者权益保护法》第 4 9条规定的情况。
Punitive damage is a new area of study in the legislation and science of civil law in China. It serves multiple purposes, including compensation for losses suffered by an injured party and punishing and preventing illegal acts. Close links exist between punitive and compensatory damage, and care should be taken to keep a proper proportion between the two when the amount of punitive damages is determined. Punitive damage is employed mainly in the legal systems of Britain, the United States and France, especially the United States. It is applied chiefly in tort liability rather than contract liability. In the former, if a man beats another man but his act is not serious enough to constitute a crime punitive damages should be awarded. Since the market economy is in its initial stage in China punitive damage should not be widely adopted. Under certain circumstance it is feasible to use punitive damage in lieu of compensation for mental injury. In the sphere of contract liability, it is mainly applied in cases as specified in Article 49 of the Consumer Protection Law.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2000年第4期112-122,共11页
Social Sciences in China
