陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落的空间格局——以甘肃省通渭县为例

Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Loess Hilly Area——A Case Study of Tongwei County,Gansu Province

基于2008年SPOT-5遥感影像解译得出的乡村聚落矢量数据,采用密度图、热点识别、数据探测与空间统计相结合的方法,深入分析了通渭县2008年乡村聚落的密度特征和空间分布模式。结果表明:通渭县乡村聚落斑块点集呈"南疏北密、东疏西密、距县城距离近的密"的空间分布格局,空间差异显著。东北部为乡村聚落斑块密集核心区,并以此为中心向外呈阶梯状递减趋势。乡村聚落斑块密度与海拔、人口分布具有一定的相关性,但也存在高海拔区人口密度虽小、但乡村聚落斑块密度却较高,低海拔区人口密度大、但乡村聚落斑块密度却较低的特殊现象。此外,基于热点识别、半变异函数、Voronoi地图和最近邻距离的分析,得出通渭县乡村聚落分布模式呈聚集-随机的分布模式。总体来看,通渭县乡村聚落的空间格局具有明显的空间依赖性。

Based on the data of rural settlements which interpreted from SPOT - 5 remote sensing images of 2008, by using the method of density map, hot recognition, data detection and space statistical, this paper in-depth dis- cussed the characteristics of plaques density and spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements of Tongwei County, Gansu in 2008. The results showed that： there is significant difference on the distribution pattern of rural settle- ments. The spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements point set presented sparseness in the south and east and denseness in the north and west, and is dense where is close to the county. The high densities of rural settlements are in the northeast of county, and the plaques density is relatively lower in ＇the south of county. The plaques densi- ty of rural settlements has certain correlation with altitude and population distribution, but there also exist abnormal phenomenon that some place where the population density is smaller but plaques density is higher in high altitude area, and other place where the population density is bigger but plaques density is lower in low altitude area. In ad- dition, based on the methods of hot spots analysis, semi-variation function, Voronoi map and nearest neighbor dis- tanee, the distribution pattern of rural settlements distribution presented the pattern of gathered-random in Tongwei County. So the distribution of rural settlement in Tongwei County shows obvious spatial dependence.