三江源移民安置区居民对太阳能资源的认知、使用意愿及其影响因素研究

An Investigation of Residents' Perceptions on Solar Energy Resources in the Migration Settlements in the "Three-River-Source" Area

目前,三江源移民安置区居民利用的能源主要是各种生物质能源、化石燃料和二次能源电能等,这些能源在生产和利用过程中对环境造成不同程度的污染和破坏。为缓解环境问题,近些年国家在太阳能资源丰富的三江源地区实施民用太阳能能源开发利用工程。民用太阳能的开发和普及受当地居民对太阳能资源的认知水平的影响。本研究采用个人问卷调查方法,揭示三江源移民安置居民对太阳能资源认知的现状,剖析影响居民太阳能认知水平的主要因素,并评价居民对太阳能使用意愿。研究结果显示:三江源移民安置区居民基本对太阳能资源开发利用有不同程度了解,但认知时间短、水平低;性别、受教育程度和信息渠道等因素对居民的太阳能认知水平影响极显著;安置区居民对太阳能资源开发利用整体上呈乐观态度,但经济成本和居民知识水平是影响太阳能开发利用推广的重要障碍。

At present,various kinds of biomass energy,fossil fuel and electric energy are used by residents in the migration settlements in the Sanjiangyuan area.These energy sources cause varying degrees of pollution and destruction of local ecological environments in the process of production and utilization.Solar energy is clean,inexhaustible and sustainable.With increasing consciousness awareness of the importance of environmental protection and energy saving,there is an opportunity for solar energy to be used by families as a common energy for their daily needs all over the world.European JRC forecast that solar power would account for 20% of the global total energy consumption by 2050,and solar power would play an important role in energy structure to the end of the 21st century.The Chinese government brought the use of solar energy by households into force in the Sanjiangyuan area-where they have rich solar energy resources-to relieve ecological and environmental pressure.The development of solar energy for civil use and the popularity of solar energy devices are influenced by the perception of local residents of solar energy.A personal questionnaire survey was applied in this study to determine the current perception of residents in the migration settlements in the Sanjiangyuan area of solar energy,to analyze major factors that influenced their perception,and to assess their usage intention.The results show that most residents in migration settlement areas understand solar energy usage to varying degrees,but,in sum,cognitive time is short and cognitive level is low.Secondly,the influence of gender,education and information channels on cognitive levels of residents is very significant,more significant than other factors.Males have a higher cognitive level than females.A higher education degree always leads to a greater understanding of solar energy devices.The best way to get information on solar energy to the Sanjiangyuan area is relatively simple,mainly through local government,as they have a greater number of information channels and understanding on their use.Furthermore,most residents want to use solar energy in the next few years,but they hope that it will be provided by the government or with a greater subsidy for buying solar equipment.In general,the current development and utilization of solar energy devices in Sanjiangyuan area is optimistic,but the economic cost of devices and the cognitive level of residents are the most important limiting factors to further promotion.