冬油菜早熟品种生长发育特性研究

Exploring the growth and development properties of early variety of winter rapeseed

研究选用19个冬油菜早熟品种和1个春油菜品种进行小区分期播种试验,探索南方冬油菜早熟品种的生长发育特性。结果表明,综合考虑播种期与单位面积产量,冬油菜早熟品种全生育期应控制在180 d左右;应选择春性、对光温反应较迟钝的早熟品种;播种期应安排在10月中下旬,这样既可防止早花,又可确保油菜在次年4月中下旬成熟;早熟品种的生育特性优于半冬性中熟品种,一般苗期约40 d,蕾苔期约70 d,开花期约40 d,成熟期约30 d;出苗-终花天数与出苗-成熟天数呈正相关(r≥0.90)。青海春油菜品种属春性、弱感光类型,可作冬油菜早熟品种应用,尤以苗期较长、蕾苔期与开花期较集中的品种为佳。

Nineteen early mature varieties of winter rape and one spring rape variety were sowed in different plots separately at 10 d interval.The growth and development characteristics of early mature variety of winter rape were explored.Results indicate： The complete growth period of early mature variety of winter rape should be approximately 180 days.Both springness and weak response to photoperiod should be their good trait for early mature variety of winter rape.Sowing time would be in late October.And in that sowing time early flowering than normal can be prevented,and also maturity rapseed can be expect in next year＇ late April.Early mature variety excels in growth properties than the faintly winter varieties,which belong to medium mature rapeseed,and the former gets the seedling stage around 40 days,budding stage around 70 days,flowering stage around 40 days and ripening stage around 30 days.Days from seedling to end of flower are positively correlation with days from seedling to ripening（r≥0.90）.5 Spring rape varieties from Qinghai is weak in response to photoperiod and can be used as early mature variety of winter rape,but long elapse rosette period and flowering stage more concentrated type are much better.