摘要
目的探讨革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌及真菌性早产儿败血症的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2008年10月至2011年6月北京军区总医院附属八-儿童医院极早产新生儿监护病房140例早产儿败血症资料,对不同类型病原体早产儿败血症临床特点进行比较。计量资料采取单因素方差分析,组间比较采用LSD方法。多组率的比较采取卡方检验或Fisher精确概率法。结果140例早产儿败血症中,革兰阴性杆菌感染70例,革兰阳性球菌感染36例,真菌感染34例。革兰阴性杆菌败血症前3位病原体依次为肺炎克雷伯菌(39例,55.7%)、大肠埃希菌(14例,20.0%)和鲍曼不动杆菌(9例,12.9%);革兰阳性球菌败血症前3位病原体依次为表皮葡萄球菌(13例,36.1%)、人葡萄球菌(8例,22.2%)和溶血葡萄球菌(7例,19.4%)。真菌败血症前3位病原体依次为近平滑假丝酵母菌(15例,44.1%)、白假丝酵母菌(8例,23.5%)和无名假丝酵母菌、罗伦特隐球菌(各3例,各8.8%)。革兰阴性杆菌组、革兰阳性球菌组及真菌组患儿在娩出方式、胎儿窘迫、窒息、胎儿生长受限、羊水粪染、母亲产前感染、妊娠期高血压疾病、母亲糖尿病、新生儿外周静脉置人中心静脉导管、感染前机械通气、皮质激素暴露、脑室内出血及脑室周围白质软化发生率、未成熟中性粒细胞数与中性粒细胞总数比值、血小板恢复正常时间、发病时间、发热、体温不升方面差异无统计学意义(均P〉0.05),但在出生胎龄[分别为(30.4±2.3)、(31.0±2.4)、(29.5±1.8)周,F=4.317,P=0.015]、出生体重[分别为(1512.5±406.0)、(1563.8±485.4)、(1328.8±303.2)g,F=3.190,P=0.044]、胎膜早破[分别为24.3%(17/70)、16.7%(6/36)、44.1%(15/34),X2=7.241,P=0.034]、新生儿外科手术[分别为12.9%(9/70)、38.9%(14/36)、11.8%(4/34),X2=10.430,P=0.005]、低灌注[分别为64.3%(45/70)、30.6%(11/36)、50.0%(17/34),X2=10.922,P=0.004]、频繁呼吸暂停[分别为67.1%(47/70)、36.1%(13/36)、55.9%(19/34),X2=9.341,P:0.009]、白细胞降低[分别为21.4%(15/70)、8.3%(3/36)、32.4%(11/34),X2=6.267,P=0.042]、血小板减少[分别为64.3%(45/70)、16.7%(6/36)、67.6%(23/34),X2=25.576,P=0.000]、外周血白细胞计数[分别为(19.9±17.8)、(19.9±14.3)、(12.0±8.1)×10。/L,F=3.553,P=0.031]、血小板计数[分别为(159.1±169.1)、(311.8±179.7)、(121.4±123.4)×10。/L,F=14.140,P=0.0¨OO]、C-反应蛋白水平[分别为(76.8±70.1)、(16.6±27.2)、(31.8±27.5)mg/L,F=17.248,P=0.000]及中枢神经系统感染[分别为1.4%(1/70)、2.8%(1/36)、11.8%(4/34),X2=5.066,P=0.043]、早产儿视网膜病变[分别为38.6%(27/70)、50.0%(18/36)、67.7%(23/34~,X2=8.780,P=0.012]、肺支气管发育不良[分别为8.6%(6/70)、11.1%(4/36)、26.5%(9/34),X2=5.837,P=0.044]以及病死率[分别为11.4%(8/70)、0.0%(0/36)、2.9%(1/34),X2=5.361,P=0.042]等方面差异有统计学意义。结论不同类型病原体早产儿败血症在危险因素(出生胎龄、出生体重、胎膜早破、新生儿外科手术)、临床表现、感染指标以及预后方面存在差异。革兰阴性杆菌易于出现休克表现,c反应蛋白升高最明显,预后最差;真菌感染易于侵犯中枢,早产儿视网膜病变及肺支气管发育不良的发病率较高;革兰阳性球菌败血症临床表现最轻,感染指标变化较小,预后相对较好。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of sepsis caused by gram negative or positive pathogens and funguses in preterm infants. Methods The clinical data of 140 premature infants with sepsis admitted to preterm neonatal intensive care unit of Bayi Children's Hospital from October 2008 to June 2011 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features of sepsis caused by different types of pathogens in preterm infants were compared by SPSS 18. 0 software. Comparison of measurement data was conducted by one way ANOVA, and comparison between groups was performed by LSD method. Rates among groups were compared by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results Of 140 preterm infants with sepsis, 70 cases were caused by gram negative bacteria, 36 by gram positive bacteria, and 34 by funguses. The top three gram negative sepsis pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia (55.7%, n=39), Escherichia coli (20.0K, n= 14) and Acinetobacterbaumannii (12.9%, n = 9). The top three gram positive sepsis pathogens were Staphylococcus epidermidis (36.1%, n = 13), Staphylococcus hominis (22.2%, n = 8) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (19.4%, n= 7). The top four fungus sepsis pathogens were Candida parapsilosis (44.1%, n=15), Candidaalbicans (23.5%, n=8), Candidafamata (8.8%, n=3) and Cryptococcus laurentii (8.8%, n = 3). There were no significant differences in delivery mode, fetal distress, asphyxia, fetal growth restriction, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, maternal infection, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, peripherally inserted central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation before infection, cortical hormone exposure, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, peripheral blood immature-to-total neutrophil ratio, recovery time of platelet, the time of infection onset, fever and hypothermia among the three groups (P〉0.05). While there were differences in gestational age [(30.4 zk 2.3) weeks, (31.0±2.4) weeks and (29.5±1.8) weeks, F=4.317, P=0.015], birth weight [(1512.5 ±406.0) g, (1563.8±485.4) g and (1328.8±303.2) g, F=3. 190, P=0. 044], premature rupture of membranes rate [24.3% (17/70), 16.7% (6/36) and 44.1% (15/34), X2 =7. 241, P=0. 034], rate of surgery during neonatal period [12.9% (9/70), 38.9% (14/36) and 11.8% (4/34), Z2 =10. 430, P=0. 005], the incidence of low perfusion [64.3% (45/70), 30.6% (11/36) and 50.0% (17/34), X2 =10. 922, P=0. 004], rate of frequent apnea [67.1% (47/70), 36.1%0 (13/36) and 55.9% (19/ 34), X2 =9. 341, P=0. 009], incidence of low white blood cell [21.4% (15/70), 8.30/00 (3/36) and 32.4% (11/34),)X2=6.267, P=0.042], thrombocytopenia rate [64.3% (45/70), 16.7% (6/36) and 67.6% (23/34),X2 =25.576, P=0.000], white blood cell count [(19.9±17.8) X109/L, (19.9±14.3) X109/Land (12.0i-8.1)X109/L, F=3.553, P=0.031], platelet count I-(159.1±169.1) XI09/L, (311.8±179.7) X109/Land (121.4±123.4) N109/L, F=14.140, P=0.000], C-reactive protein [(76.8±70. 1) mg/L, (16.6±27.2) mg/L and (31.8±27.5) mg/L, F=17. 248, P=0. 000], incidence of central nervous system infections [1.4% (1/70), 2.8% (1/36) and 11.8% (4/34),5.066, P=0.043], retinopathy rate of premature infants [38.6% (27/70), 50.0K (18/36) and 67.7% (23/34), Z2 =8. 780, P=0. 012], bronchopulmonary dysplasia rate [-8.6% (6/ 70), 11.1% (4/36) and 26.5% (9/34), X2=5.837, P=0.044] and mortality [11.4% (8/70), 0.0% (0/36) and 2.9% (1/34), ;X2 =5. 361, P=0. 042] among the three groups. Conclusions There are significant differences among sepsis caused hy different types of pathogens in risk factors (gestational age, birth weight, premature rupture of membranes and neonatal surgical procedures), clinical manifestations, infection indexes and prognosis in preterm infants. Sepsis caused by gram negative bacilli liked to present shock with obvious increasing of C-reactive protein; and the prognosis is the worst. Central nervous system infection is more common in fungal infection; and the rates of retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia are higher. Sepsis caused by gram positive cocci have mild clinical manifestations and infection indexes variations and better prognosis.
出处
《中华围产医学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2012年第11期676-682,共7页
Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine