英美刑法上的被害人共同责任

The Victim's Comparative Liability in Anglo-American Criminal Law

在认定行为人的刑事责任时,英美刑法传统上坚持"不得谴责被害人"的原则,但这一原则不符合被害人学的原理,而且,在英美刑法中,实际上在诸多方面例如被害人同意、自我防卫与挑衅行为中均承认了被害人的共同责任。承认被害人的共同责任,具有合理的规范性基础。根据权利的限定性原理,被害人共同责任可区分为自愿的权利减少型和非自愿的权利减少型,在此基础上考虑行为人与被害人在具体案件中相关权利的重要性程度、比较因果关系与比较罪责等因素,从而为被害人共同责任的适用提供了具体的判断标准。英美刑法的被害人共同责任原理对我国司法实践具有重要的借鉴价值。

In determining the defendant＇ s criminal liability, the traditional doctrine that “Don＇ t Blame the Victim” is followed in Anglo -American criminal law. Nevertheless, this maxim is inconsistent with the victimology principle and in effect, the victim＇ s comparative liability in Anglo - American criminal law has been recognized in various circumstances such as by the victim＇ s consent, self - defense and provocation. There are reasonable normative grounds to recognize the victim＇ s comparative liability. Based on the rights conditioning principle, such comparative liability is divided into two types, i. e. , voluntary reduction of rights and involuntary reduction of rights. Besides, there are other factors can offer specific application standards as balancing the significance of affected rights between suspects and victims, comparative causation and compara- tive culpability. Therefore, it is valuable reference value for the suggested that the theory of the victim＇s comparative liability should provide judicial practice in China.