椰糠替代泥炭作观赏凤梨基质的研究

Comparative Study on Peatmoss and Cocopeat as Substrates in Hydroponics for Guzmania ostara

以奥斯塔拉凤梨为试材,广东泥炭、进口泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩、海南椰糠为栽培基质材料,按不同比例混合,选用国内外较为通行的改良配方,设定3个营养液浓度进行无土栽培试验。试验以土壤栽培为对照,通过测定基质的物理特性和植株的株高、冠幅、光合速率以及叶片元素(氮、磷、钾、镁、钙、铜、锰)含量,探讨不同基质对奥斯塔拉凤梨生长的影响。结果表明:奥斯塔拉凤梨无土栽培最佳基质配方为:进口泥炭:蛭石:珍珠岩=1:1:1,而在椰糠:蛭石:珍珠岩=1:1:1中生长的整齐度最好,可见,椰糠完全可以替代泥炭广泛应用于园艺生产栽培。

This trial is to certify the substitutability of cocopeat as the substrate for peatmoss cultivation. Taking Guzmania ostara as the plant material, Canton peat, German peat, vermiculite, perlite, and Hainan cocopeat were used as the substrate in different combinations based on three nutrient solutions. The results indicated that the best formula was German peat ： vermiculite ： perlite=l ： 1 ： 1 by volume, whereas plants in formula Hainan cocopeat ： vermiculite ： perlite=1 ： 1 ： 1 grew uniformally in term of physical properties of substrate, plant height, crown width, photosynthetic rates and leaf nutrient element content（nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and copper, manganese）. Therefore, Hainan cocopeat could replace the German peat completely for the production of G. ostara.