云南省HIV感染人群应对艾滋病的现状分析

Analysis on the response of people who living with HIV/AIDS to AIDS in Yunnan Province

目的了解云南省HIV感染者/艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)应对艾滋病的现状,改进全省随访干预工作。方法采用方便样本对云南省疫情较严重的4个州、市的13个县的211名HIV/AIDS应对艾滋病的现状进行问卷调查。结果大多数HIV/AIDS文化程度低,从事低收入职业;31.4%的HIV/AIDS有症状,其中86.4%的HIV/AIDS会主动求医,且公立机构为大多数人的就医首选;92.1%的无症状感染者想知道自己目前的身体状况;93.4%的HIV/AIDS能够坚持劳动和锻炼;大部分HIV/AIDS与家人或朋友居住,大多数家人知道其感染状况,并能够对其包容和给予支持;有97%以上的HIV/AIDS获得了告知和随访服务,但得到美沙酮维持治疗、民政救助、性病诊疗的HIV/AIDS分别仅占51.2%、18.5%和1.9%;70.1%的HIV/AIDS担心会传染给别人,66.4%的HIV/AIDS在家庭中采取了不同形式的防护措施;坚持每次性行为全程使用安全套的HIV/AIDS的比例仅为46.9%,在最近6个月内,与配偶或固定性伴发生性行为均使用安全套的HIV/AIDS的比例为75%,没有使用安全套的最主要原因为发生性行为时身边没有安全套,在最近6个月内,与配偶之外的人发生性行为使用安全套的HIV/AIDS的比例为94.4%,担心性生活质量受到影响是不用套的最主要原因;15.4%的HIV/AIDS仍然共用注射器吸毒。HIV/AIDS的前三位需求分别为治疗、生活救助和家庭支持。结论 HIV/AIDS有自我应对艾滋病的潜力,随访干预时应注重调动其主动性和积极性,同时帮助其提高自我应对能力,针对随访服务与其需求之间存在的差距加强治疗、生活救助和家庭关怀,针对其不同的高危行为特点,开展反复强化和有针对性的随访干预。

Objective To understand the current situation of the response to HIV/AIDS for people who living with HIV/AIDS and to improve the quality of follow-up intervention in Yunnan.Methods 211 people who living with HIV/AIDS from 13 counties in 4 prefectures were received questionnaires survey by convenient sampling.Results Most of the people who living with HIV/AIDS in Yunnan Province were low educated and engaged in low income occupations;31.4% of HIV/AIDS had obvious symptoms,among which,86.4% of them could seek health care services actively,and public health facilities were their first choice;92.1% of the asymptomatic persons wanted to know their health situations;93.4% of the people who living with HIV/AIDS held to have labor and took exercise;most of HIV/AIDS were living with families or friends,and most families had knew their HIV status and could be tolerant and supportive of them;more than 97% of people who living with HIV/AIDS had got result informing and follow-up visit services,among them,only 51.2% of them got MMT,18.5% of them got civil relief and 1.9% of them received STIs services;70.1% of HIV/AIDS worried about infecting others;66.4% of HIV/AIDS took some prevention and care measures in their families.Only 46.9% of HIV/AIDS always adhered to using condom when they had sex with spouse and their fixed partners;in the last 6 months,75% of HIV/AIDS used condom when having sex with fixed partner and spouse and no condom besides was the main barrier for using condom;in addition,94.4% of HIV/AIDS used condom when having sex outside marriage and worries about quality of sex was the main barriers for not using condom;and 15.4% of them had been sharing syringes.Medical treatment,civil relief and family care were in the top three needs.Conclusions People who living with HIV/AIDS had their own potentials to response to HIV/AIDS,so more attentions should be put on how to exploit their initiatives and help to improve their abilities to participate in HIV/AIDS prevention and control by enhancing medical treatment,live aid and family care of them,and implementing and continuing follow-up intervention targeting individual risk factors of their behavior.