7种蔬菜型作物重金属积累效应及间作鸡眼草对其重金属吸收的影响

The Cumulative Effect on Heavy Metal of Seven Kinds of Vegetable Crops and Effects on Heavy Metal Absorption of Intercropping Kummerowia striata

选取Cd污染比较严重的丽水市水阁工业园区石牛大桥附近的蔬菜基地,研究5类7种蔬菜型作物(番茄、油冬菜、白菜、卷心菜、花椰菜、萝卜、玉米)对重金属的积累效应,以及7种蔬菜在单作、与鸡眼草间作2种种植模式下对重金属积累的差异性。结果表明:(1)5类7种蔬菜对重金属的积累效应具有很大差异,其对重金属的富集能力表现为叶菜类>花菜类>根茎类>茄果类>禾谷类;对不同重金属的富集能力则表现为Sb>Cd>Ba>Pb>As;蔬菜的不同器官对同一重金属的富集能力表现为根>叶、茎>果实,但萝卜对重金属的富集能力则表现为叶>根。(2)相比单作,间作鸡眼草显著或极显著降低番茄、玉米、白菜、卷心菜、萝卜可食部位对Pb的积累,降低番茄、白菜、卷心菜可食部位对Cd的积累,降低番茄、白菜可食部位对Ba的积累;间作鸡眼草显著或极显著提高油冬菜可食部位对Pb、Cd和Ba的积累,提高花椰菜可食部位对Pb和Ba的积累;单作和间作相比,7种作物可食部位对Sb和As的积累不存在显著差异性。间作鸡眼草的种植模式适合于试验用的番茄、白菜、卷心菜、萝卜、玉米等蔬菜的生产,不适合于油冬菜和花椰菜等蔬菜的生产。

The cumulative effects to heavy metal of different kinds vegetable crops and the difference among the seven kinds of vegetable crops by monoculture and intercropping in the vegetable garden in Shuige industrial zone of Lishui was studied.It was shown that：（1）The cumulative effects of different kinds of vegetable varied high.Leave-vegetables showed the highest content of heavy metals,and cereal vegetables were the lowest.The cumulated rate of heavy metals showed： Sb〉 Cd〉 Ba〉 Pb 〉As.Besides,heavy metal enrichment capacity of different vegetable organs was generally： Root 〉leaf and stem〉 fruit,while for radish,the heavy metal enrichment capacity of leave was higher than that of root.（2）Compared with monocropping,some heavy metal concentrations reduced when Kummerowia striata was intercropped.The accumulation of Pb in edible parts of tomato,maize,pak choi,cabbage and radish was less.The accumulation of Cd in edible parts of tomato,pak choi and cabbage was also less.The accumulated of Ba in edible parts of tomato,pak choi was also low.Intercropped with Kummerowia striata,the capacity for Pb,Cd and Ba of edible parts of Brassica chinensis could be significantly increased,and the capacity for Pb and Ba of edible parts of broccoli could be increased.7 kinds of crops in edible parts of Sb and As accumulation did not exist significant differences.Kummerowia striata intercropping was feasible for obtaining safe tomato,maize,pak choi,cabbage and radish which could be eaten securely,but it wasn＇t feasible method for planting Brassica chinensis and broccoli.