中国信息产业技术进步对劳动力就业及工资差距的影响

The Effect of Technological Progress on Employment and Wage Gap in Chinese Information Industry

以劳动力需求与供给两方面的理论探讨为基础，结合对技术进步内生及教育质量外生的综合分析，得到中国信息产业技术进步为技能偏向型，即：信息产业技术进步会增加对高技能劳动力的相对需求．减少对低技能劳动力的相对需求．并增加两种技能类型劳动力的工资差距。由于教育质量的影响，高技能与低技能劳动力的就业量之比在长期内会达到动态的稳定均衡状态．技能偏向型技术进步而致的工资差距不会一直增大。最后用中国26个省（自治区、直辖市）信息产业的相关数据证实了理论分析的结论。以典型的技术密集型的信息产业为对象展开研究．重点考察教育质量的影响作用．这不仅补充了技术进步对劳动力就业双重影响效应的理论分析．更为中国技术进步与劳动力充分就业并行发展的政策制定提供了可供借鉴的现实依据。

Through the theoretical discussion on the demand and supply of the labor taking the technological change as endogenous variable and educational quality as exogenous variable, results of the research show that there is skill-biased technological change in Chinese information industry, for the relative number of high-skilled labor will increase, low-skilled labor will decrease and the wage gap of two types of labor will increase gradually with the technological change. However, relative number of high-skilled and low-skilled labor will reach a stable status in the long run and the wage gap of two types of labor will be enlarged due to the influence of educational quality. These discussions are confirmed by the cross sectional data of Chinese information industry in 2009. The results of this paper contribute to the discussion of the relationship between technological change and labor employment, for the research object of this paper is technology intensive industry focusing on the educational quality. This paper eoneludes by pointing out the policy implieations to ensure the parallel development of technological change and employment.