生态文明建设的科学内涵与基本路径

Ecological Civilization Construction: Scientific Connotation and Basic Paths

生态文明建设是我国今后发展的重要方向、重大领域和重大任务。在十八大报告提出"大力推进生态文明建设"的基础上,从人与自然的关系、生态文明与现代文明的关系、生态文明与时代发展的关系三个方面系统阐释了生态文明建设的科学内涵,并从建设主体、建设地域、建设内容、建设手段四个方面,构建生态文明建设的分类体系。对生态文明建设的基本路径进行设计,明确生态文明建设的目标和依据,提出生态文明建设的四条基本路径,其中资源保护与节约是生态文明建设的重中之重,环境保护与治理是生态文明建设的关键所在,生态保护与修复为生态文明建设提供重要载体,国土开发与保护是生态文明建设的空间规制。最后从全民参与、科学规划和制度创新三个方面针对基本路径提出生态文明建设的具体政策建议。

Ecological civilization construction is a major direction, a key field and an important mission of Chinese future development. Some academics studied on the concept, feature and status of ecological civilization, which are mainly surrounded the theory but provide few values for the practices. Under the background of the 184 （the Communist Party of China） CPC national Congress proposing ＂Promote the construction of ecological civilization＂, this paper systematically expounds the scientific connotation of ecological civilization from three kinds of relations：man and nature, ecological civilization and modern civilization, ecological civilization and development. Then it constructs the classification system of ecological civilization construction from four aspects： body, area, content and means. The body of ecological civilization construction includes the governments, the entrepreneurs, the families, NGOs and mixed bodies. The area of ecological civilization construction is divided into five levels：global scale, national scale, district scale, regional scale and community scale. The content of ecological civilization construction contains water ecological civilization construction, forest ecological civilization construction, rangeland ecological civilization construction, desert ecological civilization construction and urban ecological civilization construction. The means of ecological civilization construction are perception guidance, planning, institution, science and technology, and fund. According to the objective of ecological civilization construction proposed by Eighteen People＇s Congresses, it designs four basic routes for ecological civilization construction, which are resources conservation and saving, environmental protection and improvement, ecological protection and rehabilitation, territorial development and protection. Resources conservation and saving is a priority for all; environmental protection and improvement is the most vital one; ecological protection and rehabilitation provides the important carriers for ecological civilization construction; territorial development and protection is a systematic route. Though analyzing the basic situation of ecological civilization construction, it suggests we can promote ecological civilization construction by citizen involvement, scientific planning and institutional innovation. Finally, it gives some specific policy advices aimed at four basic paths for ecological civilization construction.