4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机的研制

Development of 4UFD-1400 type potato combine harvester

针对目前国内条铺式马铃薯挖掘机存在的人工拣拾薯块费工费时、效率低等突出问题,研制了一种44～58.8kW拖拉机半悬挂式中型马铃薯联合收获机。该机主要由仿形碎土装置、挖掘装置、土薯分离输送装置、薯秧分离装置、薯块输送、分级、装袋装置、传动系统、液压操纵装置以及机架、地轮等部分组成,幅宽1400mm,纯工作时间生产率0.3～0.5hm2/h,可一次完成马铃薯挖掘、土薯分离、茎秆、杂草及地膜分离、薯块输送、分级、装袋等作业,收获过程耗用人工少,显著提高了生产效率。田间收获试验表明:该机对旱地尤其是全覆膜旱地马铃薯的收获质量好,土薯分离、茎秆及地膜分离良好,损失率、伤薯率、含杂率分别小于1.38%、4.2%和3.42%。适用于土质松软、无板结的旱地(覆膜)种植马铃薯的联合收获。

In order to solve the inadaptation problems of unsuitability to small plots for present side output-type and container-type potato combine harvesters, and time-consuming, tedious, and inefficient process in manual picking up of potatoes for traditional potato diggers, a new type midsize potato combine harvester was developed with semi-mounted on a 44-58.8 kW tractor. It consists of profiling soil-breaking device, excavating mechanism, soil-potato separating and conveying equipment, stalk separating device, potato transport, grading, collecting, and bagging devices, driven system, hydraulic control device, rack and wheel, etc. The working width is 1 400 mm, and the working productivity is 0.3-0.5 hm2/h. The potato harvester enables a one-stop achievement of potato digging, soil-potato separating, stalk removing, potato conveying, grading, collecting, and bagging procedures. It effectively decreases the labor cost, simplifies the commodity potato processing links, and enhances the production efficiency. The designed split-type and three-order plane digging shovel improves the ability of burying and breaking soil. The digging depth can be adjusted by the profiling soil-breaking roll, which reduces the vertical load of rack. The profiling soil-breaking device and the excavation equipment assembly are connected with the rack through the parallel four-bar mechanism, and their movements are controlled by tractor hydraulic output, which can keep the potato harvester longitudinally at level status and keep the digging shovel with same burying performance in different digging depth. The stalk separation device has a compact structure and good working reliability. The harvest tests on the four types of potato planting fields, as mulching and bed planting irrigable land, fully-mulching and bed planting dry land, parallel sowing dry land, and bed planting dry land, were conducted. The results show that the developed harvester exhibits better performances and adaptation on the dry land potato harvest, especially for fully-mulching dry land. It shows excellent performances for soil-potato separation, also stalk and mulch separation. The productivity achieves 0.4 hm2/h. The loss rate, potato damage rate, and impurity rate are less than 1.38%, 4.2%, and 3.42%, respectively. However, the harvester gives the relatively poor harvest performance and adaptation on the bed planting irrigable land, and displays the high impurity rate.