建立我国生态补偿机制的思路与措施

Establishment of ecological compensation mechanisms in China: perspectives and strategies

建立生态补偿机制是促进我国生态保护、协调区域发展一项重要制度设计。尽管我国在国家、区域、流域等尺度上的生态补偿实践取得了很大进展,但仍存在缺乏系统的制度设计、政府单方面决策为主与利益相关参与不够、补偿范围界定方法不科学、生态补偿对象和补偿方式不完善;补偿标准低与确定方法缺乏科学基础;缺乏监督机制和政策效果不明显等方面不足。围绕统筹人与自然和谐发展的制度建设,提出了建立适合我国国情生态补偿机制的原则,并从以下方面探讨了建立生态补偿机制的措施与对策:科学确定生态补偿地域范围;明确生态补偿载体与补偿对象;建立合理的生态补偿经济标准核算方法;建立和完善生态环境补偿机制的措施,以期为建立协调人与自然和谐发展的制度提供参考。

Ecological compensation institution plays a key role in promoting ecological protection and coordinating regional development. However, how to establishing effective and operational ecological compensation framework is still a great challenge. We summarized the ecological compensation practices in China and analyzed their problem, including lack of systematic institution design, deficient participation of stakeholders, lacking for scientific identification of ecological compensation scope, lower ecological compensation standards and absent supervision mechanism. Finally, the following strategies for ecological compensation institution establishment were put forward： fundamental principle for establishing ecological compensation institution, scientific definition of compensatory scope, identification of the compensatory carrier and object, building scientific method for compensatory standard accounting, and corresponding policy measures.