生态系统服务功能管理研究进展

Progress and perspectives of ecosystem services management

生态系统给人类提供了自然资源和生存环境两个方面的多种服务功能,这些服务功能的可持续供给是经济社会可持续发展的基础。然而,生态系统服务功能从认知走向管理实践面临着严峻挑战,包括:定量测度、多种服务功能权衡、生态系统服务功能多尺度关联、生态系统服务功能与政策设计的结合。针对这些难点,近年来生态系统服务功能管理研究主要集中在以下领域:生态系统服务功能度量;生态系统服务功能与人类福祉的关系;多种生态系统服务功能权衡;生态系统服务功能保护规划;基于生态系统服务功能的生态补偿机制。为了进一步推动生态系统服务功能管理实践,应该进一步加强生态系统服务功能供给的理论研究;增加生态系统服务研究结果表达的多样性;增加与社会学、经济学、人口统计学等领域跨学科研究;进一步探索生态系统服务功能研究的结果如何运用到管理决策中,促进在管理实践中的应用。

Ecosystems provide human multiple types of ecosystem services in the aspects of natural resources and living environment, and all these services are crucial foundation of sustainable social and economic development. However, between the understanding of ecosystem services and practice of management, there exist great challenges which contain： quantifying ecosystem services, relationships among multiple services, multi-scale correlation of services, combination of ecosystem services and policy design. In response to these challenges, researches of ecosystem services management in recent years have focused on fields as follow： quantitative estimate of ecosystem services, relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being, trade-offs among multiple ecosystem services, conservation planning of ecosystem services and mechanisms of payments for ecosystem services. With the goal to promote ecosystem services management practices, we should： further strengthen the theoretical research about provision of ecosystem services, develop more methods to display results of services research, carry out more interdisciplinary studies with sociology, economics, demography, search for practicable and reasonable approach to incorporating ecosystem services into decision-making.