知识嫁接学说:一种更具包容性的教学理论

Knowledge Grafting Theory:A More Inclusive Teaching Theory

人类知识的传承主要是通过其特有的教与学系统而实现的。以往各种教与学理论只是从不同的角度和侧面阐述了教育教学的部分本质。知识嫁接学说试图综合各种教与学的理论成果,从更开阔更全面的视角来阐释教学的过程和本质。该学说认为,人类的个体知识就像一棵具有三级结构的"榕树",教育教学的过程就是对知识树实施"嫁接"的过程。在网络时代,知识嫁接越来越呈现出碎片化的趋势,这就要求我们在知识嫁接的过程中,应特别关注知识之间的亲和力,掌握知识嫁接的时机,对不同种类的知识采用不同的嫁接技术。在人类知识的传承过程中,复制与模仿是知识嫁接的重要方式之一,知识嫁接成功的标志就是知识由短期记忆转变为长期记忆。今天的教育教学应该将自下而上的学习与自上而下的学习结合起来,以最终实现知识创新的目标。

Transmission of human knowledge is mainly achieved through its unique teaching and learning systems.In the past,all kinds of teaching and learning theories expound only part of the essence of education from different sides.The knowledge grafting heory attempts to illustrate the essence and process of teaching from a broader and more comprehensive perspective,integrating various theories of teaching and learning.It is believed in the theory that human knowledge is of a three-tier structure like a ＂ banyan tree＂,and the teaching process is a ＂grafting＂ procedure to the knowledge tree.In the Internet age,fragmentation has so increasingly become a trend of knowledge grafting that we must pay special attention to the affinity between various knowledge and the timing of knowledge grafting.The different grafting techniques are required for different kinds of knowledge grafting.In the process of human knowledge inheritance,copy and imitation is one of the important ways of knowledge grafting.The sign of successful knowledge grafting is that knowledge is converted from short-term memory into long-term memory.Today we should combine the bottom-up learning with the top-down learning so as to achieve the goal of knowledge innovation.