自行车运动员固定功率车测试中的肌电分析

Electromyographic Analysis of Power Bicycle Test for Cyclists

通过实验测试方法,对优秀中长距离自行车运动员进行功率车测试及肌电研究,了解运动员在原地起动阶段的踏频及功率变化情况,以及在原地起动阶段和固定功率车进行踏蹬时,下肢各主要肌肉的激活时间与用力情况,以便掌握运动员骑行过程中主要的用力肌肉,加强训练的针对性和有效性。研究发现,股内侧肌和股外侧肌肌电信号表现明显,提示这两块肌肉可能为踏蹬主要发力肌肉。在踏蹬过程中,运动员的肌肉用力情况存在一定的差异,全能运动员与公路运动员相比,肌肉用力比较平均,肌力也相对要大。

By the method of experiment, the author made a power bicycle test and electromyographic study for some elite long distance cyclists. The aim is to know the pedaling frequency and the changes of power at the starting phase and the activation thne of the main lower limb muscles and the pedaling status so as to program the training purposely and effectively for the main working muscles in cycling. The result shows that the electromyographic signals from vastus medialis and vastus lateralis are obvious. This indicates the two muscles might be the main working muscles in pedaling. In the course of pedaling, there is a certain difference between the working status of the muscles of the different cyclists. Compared to highway cyclists, the muscles of all-around cyclists work evenly and the muscle power is stronger.