湖泊治理:从“工程治污”到“综合治理”——云南洱海水污染治理的经验与思考

Lake Management:From "Project-Based Pollution Confrol" to "Governance":Experience and Thinking on the Erhai Water Pollution Control

水污染防治及湖泊治理是一个世界性难题,也是当前我国亟待研究解决的重大问题。洱海治理是当今我国湖泊治理中少有的成功范例。本文基于对云南洱海水污染治理的调查,对洱海治理中的创新和经验进行总结,对我国湖泊治理及水环境保护的路径和对策进行讨论。作者强调,我国水污染防治和湖泊治理要求经济发展方式和污染治理方式的双重转型。一方面纠正传统的通过高消耗追求经济数量增长和"先污染后治理"的发展模式,走人口、经济、社会、环境和资源相互协调的可持续发展的道路;另一方面纠正传统的"重城镇轻农村"、"重工业轻农业"、"重技术轻社会"以及"重点轻面、抓大放小"的污染治理的方式,大力调整产业结构,致力于"结构减排"和"经社控污",着力加强农业面源污染、农村生活污染的治理,实施全域性的综合治理。这是从总量上减排控污、从源头上治理污染、从根本上保护水资源和生态环境的必由之路。

Water pollution control and lake management is a worldwide problem of urgent research to solve major issues. The Erhai governance is the rare successful example in the problem of lake management. Based on the investigation of water pollution control in Erhai Erhai governance of innovation and experience to summarize, discuss the governance of our lakes and water environmental protection path and countermeasures. The authors stress that, China＇s water pollution control and lake management requirements of the dual transformation of the mode of economic development and pollution control. To correct the number of pursuit of economic growth through high consumption on the one hand and the ＂treat- ment after pollution＂ model of development, take the demographic, economic, social, environmental and resource coordi- nation of the path of sustainable development; the other hand to correct the traditional ＂heavy light cities and towns in rural areas ＂ heavy industry, light agriculture, light weight technology society ＂and＂ focus on the light surface, the way of the poor selling ＂pollution control, vigorously readjust the industrial structure, dedicated to the＂ structural reduction ＂and＂ Economic and Social control pollution, efforts to strengthen the agricultural nonpoint source pollution, pollution con- trol in rural life,the implementation of a comprehensive global governance. This is the emission reduction from the total control of pollution from the source, pollution control, the only way to protect water resources and ecological environment fundamentally.