近代铁路建设对太湖流域水利的影响——以1920年代初沪杭甬铁路屠家村港“拆坝筑桥”事件为中心

Railway Construction Impact on the Water Conservation of the Taihu Lake Basin: As the Center of Tujiacun River “Building Bridge of Dam Removal” Event of Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway in the Early 1920s

在清末沪杭甬铁路的建设过程中,施工方为节省建桥费用而堵塞了松江境内的屠家村港,并直接在原河道上建造路基。1921年江浙地区发生了严重水灾,地方官绅遂将矛头指向沪杭甬铁路,认为该路阻碍水流,要求铁路部门"拆坝筑桥",恢复原有河道,同时增加沿线涵洞。双方为此在北京政府交通部、上海沪杭甬铁路管理局以及浙江省长公署等部门间展开了两年多时间的交涉,最终基本实现了改建目标。在综合相关文献资料和研究论著的基础上,通过铁路工程技术方法的分析,可以发现近代铁路建设并不足以成为导致太湖流域水患的关键性因素,但铁路作为开凿江南运河后最大规模的人造工程,仍初步改变了明清以来形成的流域水文环境。

In the late Qing, Shanghai-- Hangchow--Ningpo the engineering department congested the Tujiacun River in Songj railway embankment directly on the river. In 1921, severe floodi Railway （S. H. N. R） construction, iang in order to save costs, and built ng occurred in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, then the local gentry directed S. H. N. R that impede the flow of the road, requiring the railway authority ＂building bridges of dam removal＂ to restore the original channel. Both parties to the government in Beijing Ministry of Communications, Shanghai, Zhejiang, S. H. N. R Administration and the long inter--Corruption began more than two years of negotiations, the basic realization of the ultimate conversion goal. Comprehensive information in the literature and research on the based on the method through the analysis of railway engineering, I believe that the modern railway construction is not a sufficient cause flooding of the key factors in Taihu Lake basin, but the railroad cut south as the largest man--made canal project, the initial formation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties changed hydrological environment. In addition, this event also reflects the relationship between state and society in the modernization process of evolution.