浙江省绿茶主产区茶园施肥现状及建议

Status and Suggestions of Tea Garden Fertilization on Main Green Tea-Producing Counties in Zhejiang Province

2009～2010年对浙江省绿茶主产区的诸暨市、嵊州市、淳安县、开化县、永嘉县、建德市、长兴县、衢州市、绍兴县、松阳县、武义县、富阳市、西湖区等13县市(区)的茶场(茶农)茶园施肥情况作了调查。从调查的县市(区)情况来看,茶园施肥存在几大特点:(1)主要肥料品种为尿素、复合肥、有机肥(包括农家肥、菜饼)。(2)施肥方式以撒施为主,有机肥和复合肥作追肥施,施肥时间、次数随意性大。(3)浙江省绿茶主产区茶园氮肥(纯N)施用量不足(占30%)或者过量(占41%)情况比较严重;土壤磷富集情况比较严重(占50.4%);土壤缺钾情况比较严重(占48.8%);施肥投入与产出并不成正比。针对浙江省茶园施肥现状,笔者提出了施肥建议及施肥技术措施。

Fertilization status of typical green tea gardens in Zhuji, Shengzhou, Chun＇an, Kaihua, Yongjia, Jiande, Changxing, Quzhou, Shaoxing, Songyang, Wuyi and Fuyang counties, and Xihu district of Zhejiang province in 2009 and 2010 was investigated. The result showed that fertilization of the investigated areas had several characteristics. Firstly, the main applied fertilizers were urea, compound fertilizer and organic manure （including rapeseed and livestock）. Secondly, the fertilizers were mainly applied to soil surface in the way of broadcast, and compound fertilizer and organic manure were applied as topdressing. And period and frequency of tea gardens fertilizer application was random. Thirdly, the amount of N applied was deficient for 30% and excessive for 41% of tea gardens. Soil available P content was excessive for 50.4% of tea gardens. And soil available K content was deficient for 48.8% of tea gardens. Finally some fertilization suggestions are recommended according to tea garden application status.