大跨度空间结构连续性倒塌研究方法与现状

A review on progressive collapse study for large-span space structures

大跨度空间结构的空间体量大、覆盖范围广,因而在遭遇非预期荷载作用并因局部失效诱致整体结构发生连续性倒塌时,会造成大量的人员伤亡和巨大的财产损失。国内外针对框架结构连续性倒塌事故的研究已比较成熟,形成了统一的设计指导思想和相应的设计规范,但针对大跨度空间结构连续倒塌的研究尚处于起步阶段。结合已有成果,对大跨度空间结构连续性倒塌研究所用的数值、试验和理论方法作出评述。数值模拟方面,分析了描述不连续位移场和冲击-碰撞等关键问题,并展望了多尺度数值计算方法在倒塌模拟上的应用;试验研究方面,借鉴已有试验,指出了大跨度空间结构倒塌试验中的破断触发和位移量测等关键技术;理论分析方面,总结了各类结构的抗倒塌机制、鲁棒性评价方法和简化评估方法。

Large-span spatial structural systems have huge space volume and cover large open areas, thus in the event of unexpected loading the spatial structures may develop catastrophic progressive collapse, causing a large number of casualties and substantial losses. This raises the demand for studies on collapse of large-span space structures. Up until now, most of the published papers concerning about the progressive collapse focused on frame structures, for which reliable design methods and corresponding codes have thus been established. This paper gives an overall review on numerical analysis, experimental, as well as theoretical methods for the structural progressive collapse of large-span structures based on papers published in the literature and the authors＂ research work. A general discussion on the progressive collapse was first presented, followed by key techniques that may be adopted in numerical simulation, including the determination of discontinuous displacement field, impact-contact analysis, etc. Multi-scale computational methods and their implementation into collapse analysis were also included. Experimental studies on collapse of large-span structures were reviewed, with recommendations on key techniques including displacement measurement and initiation of failure. Collapse mechanism, evaluation of structure robustness and simplified assessment methods on large-span structures were also covered.