发展远洋渔业,开发海洋国土

To Expand Ocean Fishing Industry and Develop Ocean Territory

远洋渔业是一个国家海洋战略的有机组成部分。发达的远洋渔业不但能改善国民的营养结构,更直接体现了一个国家对海洋资源的话语权,是一个成熟的海洋大国必须着力开拓的领域。我国的远洋渔业经过二十多年的摸索和发展已经初具规模,但仍存在一些亟待解决的问题,例如:不规范、松散的渔业合作方式和组织化程度妨碍着远洋渔业持续稳定发展;远洋渔业仍然基本局限在产业链的捕捞环节,缺乏与国内国际两个市场的有效对接;利润率和附加值低;装备科技水平低,捕捞方式落后,资源信息缺乏;燃油价格持续暴涨,入渔成本攀升,企业不堪重负,等等。本文针对上述问题提出了提高远洋渔业组织化程度、加强政策性扶持力度和培育完善的产业体系等一系列政策建议。

Deep ocean fishery is an integral part of a nation＇s maritime power. A well-developed ocean fishing industry not only provides citizens with more nutrient diets, but also is a strong indicator of a country＇s claim over the natural resources in oceans. China now has a relatively sizeable ocean fishing fleet, which gradually developed over a more than 20 year time period. However, China＇s ocean fishery faces a set of problems calling for immediate responses. For example, both the unsystematic and loose collaboration with the resource-rich coun- tries and the low level of organization among Chinese fishing companies are preventing the industry from being a continuous and sustainable one. Chinese fishing companies are mostly stuck in the production segment in the in- dustry chain, due to international division of labor, lacking effective connections both with the domestic markets and with the foreign ones. The industry is also tormented by a low profitability, the expensive applicable tech- nologies, a lack of information on natural resources, the ever-increasing oil price and fishing license fee, etc. To deal with those challenges, the author made a set of policy propositions, including, but not limited to, enhancing the level of organization among the fishing companies, allowing more favorable subsidies, and cultivating a well-rounded industry chain, etc.