马克思的五种社会形态理论辨析

Analysis on Marx's Theory of Five Types of Social Formation

当前,马克思的五种社会形态理论面临着诸多责难和非议。有学者直接否认其真理性,认为它只是后人的一种误读;有学者则否认其普遍性,认为它仅仅是基于欧洲社会的概括。当然,探讨这一理论的本真及真理性,绝不能拘泥于此理论本身,必须寻求一个更宏观的视野。而从唯物史观的创立、特别是生产关系思想的形成出发进行探讨可以看出五种社会形态理论在马克思主义社会历史理论中的基础性地位;从五种社会形态理论本身的发展逻辑出发进行研究可以看出它的世界历史意义及在世界范围内的普遍适用性;从五种社会形态理论本身的固有特质出发进行分析可以得出其所蕴含的辩证法和真理性。

At present,the theory of five types of social formation is facing much blame.Some scholars denied its truth directly and think it is a misunderstanding;the other scholars denied its universality and think it is only based on the European society.We should study it in more macroscopic views but not adhere to itself,if we would research the truth.We can see its basic position in Marx society-history theory when starting from the appearance of the historical materialism,especially the theory of production relation＇s formation;we can perceive its significance and the universality in world when we analyze the logical way of developing for the five types of social formation,and can verify the dialectics and truth when we stand on its own characteristics.