基于人格特征和应付方式对新护士进行分科管理的效果

Correlation study of personality characteristic and coping style on the management of departments division among new nurses

目的通过对新护士采取人格特征和应付方式评估进行分科干预，了解新护士在适应环境期间的心理健康状况及人格特征、应付方式与工作环境之间相互关系，找出有利于新护士心理健康的入科分配方法，为促进新护士的管理和心理素质的培养提供依据，有效提高护理质量。方法将2010年分配至某三甲医院的61名护士作为实验组，2009年的65名护士作为对照组。实验组采取人格特征、应付方式评估与护士长领导风格结合进行分科干预，对照组随机分科。分别于分科前、分科0．5年、1．5年评价两组护士的人格特征、心理健康状况和应付方式。结果对照组护士流失6人，流失率为9％，实验组无一人辞职。实验组护士0．5年时SCL-90敌对因子分较对照组低，差异有统计学意义（t=3．12，P〈0．01），应付方式中退避、合理化因子分较对照组低，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为3．75，3．35；P〈0．01）；1．5年时SCL-90强迫因子分较对照组低，差异有统计学意义（t=2．02，P〈0．05），EPQL因子分较对照组高，差异有统计学意义（t=2．20，P〈0．05），应付方式自责因子分较对照组低，差异有统计学意义（t=2．68，P〈0．01）。结论根据护士的个性心理特征、应付方式结合护士长领导风格分科有利于增强新护士的心理素质，提高心理健康水平，使新护士面对压力时能采用成熟、积极的应对方式，促进其健康成长。提高新护士对护理工作的忠诚度，稳定护理队伍。

Objective To analyze the relation between personality characteristics, coping styies and division management, so as to understand the relationship between mental health status, personality characteristics, and workplace of new nurses during the adapting period of department environment, and improve the quality of care. Methods Totals of 61 nurses who were assigned to a comprehensive hospital in 2010 as the experimental group, and other 65 nurses who were assigned to the hospital in 2009 as the control group. The experimental group adopted the management of department division by analyzing the personality traits, coping style assessment and nurse leadership style, while the control group was randomly division. Intervention effects were evaluated respectively in before division,6 months and 18 months after division. Results There were six nurses left in control group, the left rate was 9% ,while no one left in experimental group. Hostility factor score of SCL-90 of experimental group was lower than that in control group after 6 months of division （t =3.12,P 〈 0.01 ）, as well as the scores of retreat of coping style and rationalization factor （ t = 3.75,3.35, respectively ; P 〈0.01 ）. Forcing factor score of SCL-90, and self-reproach factor score of coping in experimental group were lower than that in control group（t = 2.02,2.68, respectively;P 〈 0.05 ）, while EPQL factor score was significantly higher than that in control group（t = 2.20, P 〈0.01 ） after 18 months of division. Conclusions According to the psychological characteristics and coping style of new nurses, and leadership style of head nurses to divide the department for new nurses can improve mental health of the new nurses, promote them to adopt mature and positive coping styles to the stress, and promote their loyalty for the nursing and the stability of nurses team.