发展战略、城市化与中国城乡收入差距

Development Strategy, Urbanization and the Rural-urban Income Disparity in China

从政府发展战略的视角,研究中国城市化滞后、城乡收入差距持续扩大的原因,结果发现,旨在鼓励资本密集型部门优先发展的政府战略,造成城市部门就业需求的相对下降,进而延缓城市化进程,农村居民不能有效地向城市转移,城乡收入差距扩大。以技术选择指数作为政府对资本密集性部门政策倾斜程度的度量指标,利用1978—2008年中国省级面板数据,对理论假说进行了实证检验。研究还发现,中国城乡收入差距在经济发展过程中呈现出先下降、后上升的U型规律。

This study takes a perspective from governmental development strategy to examine the causes for the underdevelopment of Chinese urbanization and the rising inequality in rural-urban income. The results show that the governmental strategies that aim to encourage the prior development of capital-intensive sectors have led to a relative decrease in the employment demand in urban sectors, which in turn retards the urbanization course, bans the effective migration of rural residents into cities, and increases the rural-urban income disparity. Our study uses the Technology Choice Index (TCI) as a measure of the extent of governmental policy support for capital-intensive sectors, and employs the provincial panel data in 1978-2008 to test the theoretical hypothesis. The study also reveals a U-shaped tendency of Chinese rural-urban income disparity in the course of economic development.