卒中相关性肺炎研究进展

Research Progress of Stroke-associated Pneumonia

卒中是严重危害人类健康的疾病之一,具有较高的发病率、致残率及死亡率。感染是卒中最常见的并发症之一,超过30%的卒中患者并发呼吸系统、泌尿系统及消化系统等感染,其中肺炎的发生率高达10%,且肺炎的发生与卒中患者的死亡有着密切联系。最近研究认为中枢神经系统损伤介导的免疫缺陷综合征(CIDS)可能是卒中后感染的主要机制,其他危险因素,如高龄、伴吞咽困难、神经功能损伤程度、合并其他基础疾病(如慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、糖尿病等),可增加卒中患者发生肺炎的概率。本文将对卒中相关性肺炎的发生机制及其相关危险因素进行综述,以期为卒中相关性肺炎的防治提供借鉴。

Stroke is one of the diseases with high morbidity, disability and mortality rate. It is seriously harmful for human health. Infection is the most common serious complications in stroke patients. It is reported that more than 30% stroke patients are complicated by respiratory tract, urinary tract and digestive tract infection, etc. Pneumonia with high incidence （ 10% ） is closely connected with stroke patients＇ deaths. The new studies have found that the central nervous system injury - induced immune deficiency syndrome （CIDS） may be considered the main mechanism of infection after a stroke. However, many risk factors such as older age, dysphagia, neurological damage and combination of other basic diseases （ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes, etc） also increase the probability of stroke - associated pneumonia. This article analyses the mechanism and risk factors of stroke - associated pneumonia in order to facilitate the clinical prophylaxis and treatment.