转型期中国城市居民政府信任研究——基于社会资本视角的实证分析

Government Trust of Urban Residents in Transitional China——An Empirical Analysis of Social Capital

如何重塑公众对政府信任已经成为当前政府工作非常关键的公共课题。社会资本理论家对于不同形态的社会资本在不同的制度背景下对政府信任的影响没有形成共识。为弥补既有研究的不足,本研究在CGSS2005调查数据基础上,采用多层次线性回归模型探讨了不同形态的社会资本对中国城市居民政府信任的影响。研究发现,中国城市居民的政府信任存在区域差异。在区域差异前提下,个体层面的社会资本显著提升了城市居民对政府信任,无论是实质性社会资本——"普遍"信任和互助行为,还是形式社会资本——开放型的社会网络,均对政府信任产生显著正向影响。但是,区域的社会资本对于提升政府信任不具有与个体层次社会资本同样重要的意义。因此,在创建社会资本过程中,依托开放型社会网络和社区为平台,树立互惠互利的道德规范,培育互助文化和合作精神,有助于提高整个社会的普遍信任,从而创建政治资本,提升政府信任。

It has been an important theme for the government to rebuild government trust of urban residents.Yet,there are still controversies by scholars that the types of social capital are distinct on the effects of government trust under different institutional systems.Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)conducted in 2005,by employing Hierarchical Linear Modeling(HLM),this paper examines the impacts of different types of social capital on government trust in urban China.The analysis reveals that there is regional disparity of government trust.On basis of these disparities,the analysis reveals that at the individual level,either substantive social capital such as generalized interpersonal trust and reciprocity,or formal social capital such as inclusive social networks,provides significantly positive relationship with government trust.Yet,the results also show that,at the provincial level,there is a significant regional disparity but that social capital fails to play as significantly important roles as those at the individual level.This paper clarifies different types of social capital and their mechanisms in the influences of social capital on government trust.Thus,the findings of this study help us to recognize that by developing inclusive social networks and community,by establishing reciprocal norms and morality,by cultivating the spirit of mutuality and collectivity,political capital is able to be substantially generated,which facilitates generalized government trust.