孕期有氧运动对孕妇体成分及分娩结局的影响

Effects of aerobic exercise during pregnancy on body composition and pregnancy outcomes

目的研究孕期有氧运动对妊娠妇女体成分的影响及其与分娩结局的关系。方法随机选取2010年5月至2011年11月甘肃省妇幼保健院产科门诊定期产检并在该院孕妇俱乐部参加孕期有氧运动的孕妇100例为研究组，随机选取同期在该院产科门诊定期产检但未参加有氧运动的孕妇100例为对照组。两组分别于孕20周（运动前）、孕38周（运动后）采用运动功能评估系统（MES-01S20）各检测体成分1次，并跟踪记录两组的分娩结局。结果两组孕妇孕20周时，全身脂肪分布、脂肪百分比、下肢肌肉分布系数无显著性差异（均P〉0．05）；研究组参与规律有氧运动至38周，两组体成分各指标比较，全身脂肪分布（t=6．152，P〈0．01）；脂肪百分比（t=6．420，P〈0．01）；下肢肌肉分布系数（t=5．984，P〈0．01），组间有显著性差异。两组产妇分娩结局比较，第-产程时间（t=-3．776，P〈0．01）；第二产程时间（t=-3．481，P〈0．01）；会阴侧切率（t=7．352，P〈0．01）；剖宫产率（t=4．695，P〈0．01），组间有显著性差异。结论孕期规律定量的有氧运动是改变孕妇体成分有效的方法。孕期体成分的改变可降低妊娠合并症的发生，有效进行产力储备，从而缩短分娩过程，降低会阴侧切率和剖宫产率，促进自然分娩。

Objective To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise during pregnancy on body composition and its relationship with pregnancy outcomes. Methods From May 2010 to November 2011 pregnant women accepting regular antenatal care in obstetric department of Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital were randomly selected in the study. Exercise group included 100 pregnant women who participated aerobic exercise during pregnancy, and control group included another 100 pregnant women randomly selected at the same period but without aerobic exercise. The body composition was detected with Mobility Evaluation System （MES-01S20） at 20 gestational weeks （before exercise） and 38 gestational weeks （ after exercise）. The pregnancy outcomes of two groups were followed up. Results At 20 gestational weeks, there were no significant differences between two groups in fat distribution, body fat percent and muscle distribution of lower limb （ all P 〉 0.05）. Exercise group participated in aerobic exercise from 20 weeks to 38 weeks. There were significant differences between two groups in the indexes of fat distribution （ t = 6. 152, P 〈 0.01 ）, body fat percent （ t = 6. 420, P 〈 O. Ol ） and muscle distribution of lower limb（t = 5. 984, P 〈 0.01 ） at 38 gestational weeks. Comparison of pregnant outcomes between two groups indicated that the differences in the first stage of labor （ t = - 3. 776, P 〈 0.01 ）, the second stage of labor （ t = - 3.481, P 〈 0.01 ）, lateral episiotomy rate （ t = 7. 352, P 〈 0.01 ） and cesarean section rate （ t = 4. 695 ） were significant. Conclusion Regular aerobic exercise during pregnancy is an effective way to change body composition. Body composition change can minimize the risk of complications during pregnancy and reserve force for labor effectively, so that birth process is shortened, lateral episiotomy rate and cesarean section rate are reduced and natural delivery is vromoted.