高标准基本农田建设区域划定方法

Zoning approach of suitable areas for high quality capital farmland construction

大规模建设旱涝保收高标准基本农田是当前中国为增强国家粮食安全保障能力而推行的重要战略举措,但高标准基本农田划定研究尚未见参照做法。该文以北京市平谷区为例,采用多因素综合评价和逐级修正相结合的方法,在基本农田自然质量评价基础上,修正得到基本农田综合质量;结合基本农田质量现状及其限制因子可改造程度,从基本具备高标准条件和经整治后可建成2个层次上划定了高标准基本农田建设适宜区域。研究结果表明,全区适宜开展高标准基本农田建设的基本农田有6036.98hm2,占基本农田总量的43.54%。其中1026.70hm2已基本具备建设条件,集中分布在马昌营镇和大兴庄镇等西南平原乡镇,其他5010.28hm2为经整治后可建成的高标准基本农田建设区,主要分布在南部平原区和半山区。高标准基本农田建设应立足区域特点,分类推进,已具备建设条件的西南部平原区应致力于打造高端的都市型现代农业,整治后可建成的南部平原区需要重点协调高标准基本农田建设与城镇化发展关系,整治后可建成的南部半山区应在提升农田质量的同时维护区域生态安全。

Large-scale, high quality capital farmland construction, which plays an important role in guaranteeing national food safety, modern agriculture development, and new rural construction, is regarded as one of great national strategies in China. However, studies on how to establish suitable zones for quality facilities in capital farmland construction have not been available until now. With Pinggu District, Beijing, as the study area, this article managed to establish the zoning approach of suitable areas. First, it deployed the multi-factor assessment method, which contained 11 indexes on the aspects of soil quality, site condition, farmland spatial morphology, and agriculture infrastructure to evaluate the natural quality of capital farmland. A second modification method was used to get the capital farmland’s comprehensive quality; the effect of location condition, urbanization pressure, and ecological security on capital farmland were considered in this step. According to the definition of quality facilities in capital farmland, capital farmland which is presently in good condition, or which can be transformed into good condition in the future, is the right one for quality facilities. Therefore, capital farmland with the highest ranking after evaluations were those who had already construction zones and had already achieved the construction standard. For some capital farmlands, the limiting factors and their improvement potential to become quality facilities were analyzed. Based on the evaluation and analysis results, some other zones deemed suitable were identified as well. This study shows that regional capital farmland’s natural quality displays a declining trend from the plains to the semi-mountain regions, then to the mountain regions. Capital farmland in Mafang Town, Daxingzhuang Town, and Macahngying Town had the highest natural qualities. While mainly affected by the pressure of urbanization development and ecological security, only capital farmland in Daxingzhuang Town and Macahngying Town still remained on the top of the comprehensive quality list. Finally, 6036.98 hm2, or 43.54%, of the total capital farmland is suitable for quality capital farmland construction. And, among them, 1026.70 hm2, gathering in two plain towns, Daxingzhuang Town and Machangying Town, had almost achieved the construction standards. The other 5010.28 hm2, though not good enough at present, can be transformed to reach the construction standards. Capital farmlands inside this category are districts over the plains and semi-mountain areas in the south. According to different regional characteristics, quality facilities in farmland construction should be carried out differently. Farmland in the plains, which had almost reached the construction standards, should develop high-end and modern agriculture. For other regions, strategies that can improve their present limiting factors should be carried out first. The south plain region under high urbanization pressure should pay great attention to balance the development of urbanization and agriculture when constructing these quality facilities. Semi-mountain regions need improve the quality of their capital farmland with the condition of guaranteeing a healthy ecological environment.