封闭式博物馆室内空气颗粒物离子成分特征

Ionic Composition of Particulate Matters within an Enclosed Museum

采用气体悬浮物粒子监测仪和NanoMoudi-Ⅱ125A型分级采样器对某封闭式博物馆进行颗粒物数浓度监测和颗粒物采样,测定了不同粒径段颗粒物中的主要离子组分。结果表明,监测期间粗颗粒物（粒径≥2.5μm）、细颗粒物（粒径在0.1~2.5μm之间）和超细颗粒物（粒径≤0.1μm）质量浓度分别为20.50~24.38μg/m3、23.39~24.08μg/m3和16.02~17.48μg/m3。颗粒物数浓度集中在粒径≤0.3μm范围,PM1数浓度占PM10数浓度的97%以上,游客扰动和清洁活动使粗颗粒物数浓度增加了8~172倍。SO42-、NO3-、NH4＋峰值出现在0.32~0.56μm粒径段,Na＋、Cl-分布较平均,K＋峰值出现在0.32~0.56μm和3.2~5.6μm粒径段,Mg2＋的峰值出现在3.2~5.6μm粒径段,Ca2＋峰值出现在1.8~3.2μm粒径段;总有机酸根离子无明显峰值;乙酸根离子浓度为1.238μg/m3,高于甲酸根和乙二酸根。颗粒物的阳/阴离子比均值为2.83,说明阴离子测定可能有缺失,如碳酸盐等。颗粒物中水溶性离子浓度水平和粒径分布受游客影响不明显,受室外空气输送的影响较大。

To determine the main ionic composition in different exhibition halls of an enclosed museum,studies were conducted with respect to size-fractionated particle number concentration（PNC） and size-fractionated suspended particles.The mass concentrations of coarse,fine and ultra-fine particles were determined,indicating nearly 80% particles were PM0.3（diameter0.3 μm）.The results showed that activities such as visitors＇ walking and room cleanup could greatly increase PNC of coarse particles by 8 to 172 times;ions such as anions SO42-,NO3-and NH4＋,and cations Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ were measured in terms of their size distribution ranges;the average ratio of cation/anion（C/A） of the particles was 2.83,which might suggest the lack of determination of carbonate.It was also found that water-soluble ions in particles were unlikely affected by the disturbance such as walking of visitors in terms of concentration and size distribution,but mostly influenced by the outdoor inflow air.