基于分时电价的纯电动公交的充电优化

Charging optimization for electric bus based on time-of-use price

合理规划电动公交线路备用电池数目,优化调度电池充电,能够降低公交线路投资与运营成本。在满足纯电动公交线路运输要求的约束下,基于分时电价机制,考虑了电池放电深度对电池寿命损耗的影响,在描述纯电动公交车辆数目、电池数目与电池每个时段充放电状态之间的关系基础上,提出了以充电费用和电池投资综合成本最低为目标的优化模型。该模型能够求解出最优电池数目,在满足运输需求的前提下,通过调度电池每一时段的充电状态将充电费用降到最低,并减小电池寿命损耗。仿真算例为5辆电动公交车的调度优化,利用CPLEX软件包对提出的整数规划模型进行求解。计算结果表明:10块电池为最优电池数目,充电费用与无序充电相比下降了11.7%,且电池寿命延长9.2%;所提出的换电模式下的充电模型可以有效地降低充电费用,延长电池寿命,并且能够得到合理的备用电池数目,降低投资成本。

Reasonable decision on the number of batteries and optimal charging strategy will reduce the investment and operation cost of electric bus line.Under the constraint of transport requirement,an optimization model was proposed to minimize the charging cost and battery investment cost based on time-of-use（TOU） price.The model considered the influence of battery discharging depth on the cycle life and depicted the relationship between the number of buses,the number of batteries and the status of batteries during each period.Optimal number of batteries and charging strategy could be achieved through the proposed model.Meanwhile,battery loss was reduced.The results show that for a five cars simulation the optimal number of batteries should be 10.Charging cost decreases by 11.7% and the battery life is extended by 9.2% compared with uncoordinated charging.The proposed method can reduce the charging cost of electric buses and extend the battery life under battery swapping modes.The simulation result also illustrates that the optimal number of batteries can be achieved so as to reduce the investment cost.5 tabs,2 figs,15 refs.