河北唐海湿地不同生境鸟类群落结构的变化

Diversification of Avian Community in Different Habitats in Tanghai Wetland

本文运用样线法结合样方法调查了潮间带、碱蓬荒草丛及芦苇沼泽湿地等自然生境,沿海虾池、水稻田及涵养防护林带等人工生境的鸟类群落结构。结果表明:鸟类物种数、物种多样性和科、属多样性均以芦苇沼泽湿地最高,分别为126种、4.078和0.747;水稻田最低,分别为41种、2.436、0.381。β相似性系数矩阵分析表明,潮间带与沿海虾池鸟种相似性系数最高,为0.512,潮间带与涵养防护林带相似性系数最低,为0.024。从调查结果来看,应加强芦苇沼泽湿地的保护,减少水稻田的开发,适当把碱蓬荒草丛开发为沿海虾池,以发挥湿地最大的生态效益。

In this study, the avian community structure in natural habitats （intertidal zone, barren brushwood of common seepweed, and reed marshes） and artificial habitats （shrimp pond, paddy field, and self-restraint shelter forest） of Tanghai wetland was studied by line transect and sample methods. The results showed that the number of avian species and the diversity on species, family and genus in reed marshes were higher than others, while the lowest were observed in paddy field. With the analyzing in matrices of β similar coefficient, the species similarity between tideland and shrimp pond was the highest while tideland and barren brushwood showed the lowest. With the intensifying of the degree of transformation, we should take measures to transform part of the natural habitats scientifically and rationally so as to maintain the largest productivity of wetlands and the diversity of avian species.