农民工职业流动类型与收入效应的性别差异分析

Analysis on the gender difference in the types of peasant workers' occupation flow and income effects

本文使用2008年执行的CHIP数据的城市移民部分,考察了不同类型职业流动及其收入效应的性别差异。研究表明,不同类型的职业流动具有不同的收入效应;相同的职业流动行为,收入效应的性别差异显著。工作原因、家庭原因两类主动流动均显著提高了男性农民工的后续收入水平;虽然女性农民工具有更高的工作原因主动流动倾向,但其从中获得的收入回报明显弱于男性,家庭原因主动流动反而降低了其后续收入水平;单位原因被动流动显著降低了男性农民工的后续收入水平,但对女性农民工影响不显著。从在职搜寻工作行为视角考察农民工职业流动动机,同样发现了显著的性别差异。因此,为实现农民工适度流动和稳定就业,除重视其共同诉求外,也不能忽视其性别差异的异质性因素。

We use urban immigrants data of CHIP 2008 and examine the gender difference in the types of peasant workers＇ occupation flow and income effects. Our researches show that occupation flow of different types has different income effects, and as for the flow of the same occupation, income effects have significant difference in gender. Active flow due to job or family can improve the subsequent income level of male peasant workers. Although female peasant workers have higher tendency of active flow for the change of job, their income returns are lower than male workers obviously. And their active flow due to family consideration decreases their income instead. Passive flow due to the units they serve can lower the subsequent income of male peasant workers significantly, but it does not have obvious impact on the female peasant workers. Examining the motivation of occupation flow of peasant workers on the perspective of job searching, we also find significant gender difference. As a result, we should not neglect the heterogeneity factor of gender difference in addition to paying attention to their common aspirations for proper flow and stable employment of peasant workers.