孤独症谱系障碍儿童母亲亲职压力及影响因素研究

Study on parenting stress of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders and associated factors

【目的】探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)儿童母亲亲职压力及其影响因素。【方法】采用亲职压力指标简表(PSI-SF),焦虑自评量(SAS),流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D),简易应对方式量表(SCSQ),领悟社会支持量表(PSSS),孤独症行为量表(ABC),以及自拟的儿童和家庭基本情况调查表对150例ASD儿童的母亲进行调查。【结果】不同抑郁和焦虑水平的儿童母亲在亲职总压力及三个维度得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);除亲职愁苦维度外,不同ABC得分组间母亲亲职总压力得分及另外两个维度有差异(P<0.05);除困难儿童维度外,其他各维度及总压力得分均与积极应对呈负相关(P<0.05);除亲子互动失调维度外,其他各维度及总压力得分均与消极应对呈正相关(P<0.05);朋友支持、其他人支持与亲子互动失调呈负相关;社会总支持与亲职愁苦呈负相关(P<0.05);多元线性回归显示:亲职总压力与患儿严重程度、母亲的焦虑和抑郁状态以及政府资助显著相关。【结论】母亲的亲职压力受多种因素影响,提高ASD康复服务水平,改善患儿症状及家长心理状态并给予更多的政府和社会支持是缓解母亲亲职压力的重要途径。

[Objective] To examine mother parenting stress and associated factors in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders （ASI））. [Method] In this cross-sectional study, mothers （n= 150） were asked to complete a question- naire which included the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form （PSI-SF）, Anxiety Scale （SAS）, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale （CES-D）,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ）, Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS ）, the Autism Behavior Checklist （ABC） ,self-made children and families questionnaire. [Results] Different depression and anxiety level of children＇s mother were different in the parenting total stress and the three dimensions＇ scores（P^0.05）. Except paren ting distress dimension,different ABC scores group had differences in the parenting total stress score and the other two dimen- sions＇ scores（P〈0.05）. Except difficult children dimension, the other dimension and the total pressure and actively respond had negative correlations（P〈0. 05）. Except the parent-child dysfunctional interaction dimension, other dimensions and the total pressure was positively correlated with negative coping（P（0.05）. Friend support, other support were negatively correlated with the parent-child dysfunctional interaction. Total social support was negatively correlate with parenting distress（P〈0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that parenting pressure on mother with ASD children was significantly associated with ASI） severity,self-anxiety and depression,as well as government support. [Conclusions] Mother＇s parenting stress is affected by many factors. It is important way to decrease the mother stress by improving the level of ASD rehabilitation services,improving children symptoms and parents psychological state and giving more government and social support.