区域主义:概念、类型及发展脉络

Regionalism:Concept,Type and Development Process

20世纪80年代中期以来，区域主义已经和全球化并行成为世界两大主要趋势之一。本文着重对区域主义的概念、类型及其发展脉络等三个关键问题进行了探讨。在概念上，主要有经济说、政治说、主观建构说和综合说四种关于区域主义的观点；在类型上，根据不同的标准可以将区域主义分为刚性区域主义和软性区域主义，正式区域主义和非正式区域主义，封闭区域主义和开放区域主义，经济区域主义、政治区域主义、安全区域主义和货币区域主义；在发展脉络上，区域主义发展可以分为19世纪末-20世纪初、20世纪30年代、20世纪50～60年代和20世纪80～90年代四个阶段。

This paper mainly explores the concept, type and its development process of regionalism. There are economic, political, subjective construct and comprehensive views on the concept of regionalism. According to different standards, regionalism can be divided into rigid regionalism and soft regionalism, formal regionalism and informal regionalism, closed regionalism and open regionalism, and economic, political, security and currency regionalism. The development process of regionalism can be divided into four stages： from the end of the 19th century to the early of 20th century, 1930s, from 1950s to 1960s, and from 1980s to 1990s.